FEWKEs] ANTIQUITIES OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK 27 



made. Neither of these phiiis distinguishes those biiikliiigs that have 

 more than a single story, although they show the parts of walls that 

 extend to the roof. Neither Chapin nor Birdsall published maps of 

 Cliff Palace. (See pi. 8.) 



Terraces and Retaining Walls 



The terraces in front of the rooms occupying the floor of the cave are 

 characteristic features of Cliff Palace (pis. 9, 10). The excavations 

 revealed three of these terraces, of which the floor of the cave is the 

 fourth. This fourth terrace, or cave floor, is in the main horizontal, 

 but on account of the accumulated talus the slope from the southern 

 end of the portion in front of kiva G was gradual and continued at 

 about this level to the northern end of the ruin. This slope brought it 

 about that kivas in the terraces are at different levels. The floors of 

 kivas H and I lie on about the level of the first teiTace, that of G on the 

 terrace above, and F lies on the third terrace ; the remaining kivas 

 are all excavated in the cave floor, or fourth terrace. From the main 

 entrance to the ruin, extending northward, there are representations 

 of the second and third terraces, both of which extend to the cliff in 

 front of kiva U. It is probable from the general appearance of the 

 ruin that when all the terraces and walls were intact Cliff Palace was 

 also terraced with houses along the front, Avhich recalls architectural 

 features in certain cliff-dwellings in Canyon de Chelly. 



Toaver Quarter 



For convenience of description Cliff Palace is arbitrarily divided 

 into four quarters, known as tower quarter, plaza quarter, old quarter, 

 and northern quarter. The tower quarter (pis. 10-14) occupies the 

 whole southern portion of the ruin and extends to the extreme south- 

 ern end from a line drawn perpendicular to the cliff through the 

 round tower. It includes 8 kivas, A to G, and J^ 6 of which, A, B, 

 C, D, E, and J, are situated on the fourth terrace, the level of the 

 kiva floor being that of the third terrace. Kiva F lies in the third, 

 and G in the second terrace. It will be seen from an inspection of the 

 ground plan that there are in all 29 rooms in this quarter, besides the 

 8 kivas, an instructive fact wlien compared with Spruce-tree House 

 with its 8 kivas and 114 rooms. It must be remembered that several 

 of the rooms in this quarter are of two stories, one is of three stories, 

 and one of four stories, thus adding from 15 to 20 rooms to the 8 

 enumerated as occupying the ground floor. The proportion of cere- 

 monial rooms to kivas in this quarter would be a little more than 

 2 to 1. 



