54 • BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 51 



to the flue is 1 foot 10 inches, and from the lire-hole 3 inches. There 

 are 4 nniral niches. As the projecting rock on the eastern side 

 interfered Avith the sjanmetry of this kiva, when ^constructed it was 

 necessary to jDeck the rock aAvay 8 inches deep over an area 10 feet 

 square, thus exhibiting, next to the floor of kiva V, the most extensive 

 piece of kiva stone-cutting in Cliff Palace. Although this kiva 

 was generally in a fair state of preservation, it was necessary to 

 rebuild much of the eastern wall. 



The fire-hole of this kiva is lined with a rude jar set with adobe 

 mortar. No sipapii was discovered in the floor. Kiva E is one of 

 the few Ivivas in Cliff Palace surrounded by the Avails of rooms. As 

 it is situated in the rear of the cave, projecting walls of the cliff 

 AA'ere necessarily cut away to a considerable extent in order to ob- 

 tain the form of room desired on the eastern side. This side of 

 the kiva is blackened by smoke antedating the construction of the 

 room. There is abundant evidence in this portion of the ruin of 

 secondary construction of buildings on the same site. Several walls 

 built upon others show that some rooms may have been abandoned 

 and new ones added, an indication that this portion of the ruin is 

 very old, perhaps having the oldest walls still standing. 



Kiva F, situated on a loAver terrace than the kivas already de- 

 scribed, is square, with rounded corners, and is 9 feet high. The 

 height of the pilasters is 6 feet 10 inches, and the top of the banquette 

 is 4 feet 1 inch above the floor. The diameter of the kiva is 13 

 feet. There are 6 pilasters; the distance between them averages 5 

 feet; their average width is 2 feet 4 inches. The deflector, a wall 

 of masonry, is 3 feet wide and averages 9 inches in thickness. 



The deflector is 2 feet from the flue and 18 inches from the fii-e- 

 hole, which is 2 feet in diameter and the same in depth. The distance 

 from the fire-hole to the sipapu is 2 feet 4 inches. The diameter of 

 the sipapu is 2^ inches, and its depth 5 inches. 



There are 3 mural niches, similar to those previously described. 

 The roof of this kiva was of the same level as the floors of rooms 16 

 and 24, the roofs of which oA'erlooked the kiva situated in the 

 terrace below. 



The walls of this kiva are black with smoke. The room is sur- 

 rounded by a second wall, the interval between which and that of the 

 kiva is filled with rubble. 



This kiva may be called " heartshaped." Its height from the floor 

 to the top of the roof is 9 feet, and it measures 6 feet from the floor to 

 the top of the pilasters. The banquette is 4 feet high, and the inte- 



