FEWKES] ANTIQUITIES OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK 57 



Kiva K'' is round in form, and its height from the floor to the 

 roof is 7 feet. The height of the pihisters is 5 feet, and that of 

 the banquette 3 feet. The diameter of the kiva is 9 feet 6 inches. 

 The pihisters are 5 in number, and average about 20 inches in width. 

 The deflector of this kiva is exceptional, being the only known in- 

 stance where this structure is constructed of upright stakes bound 

 with twigs or cedar bark and plastered with adobe.'' The distance 

 from the flue to the deflector is 18 inches, and from the deflector to 

 the fire-hole, 8 inches. The diameter of the fire-hole is 20 inches, the 

 depth 8 inches. The walls of this smallest of the kivas are formed 

 partly of masonry, but in places the chamber is excavated out of 

 solid rock, the ancient builders having pecked away projections in 

 order to produce the desired form. 



The marks of smoke are clearly visible, especially on the flue ; and 

 on the surface of the eastern side are scratched several figures repre- 

 senting birds and other animals. Eyelets of osiers set in the wall are 

 also exceptional, and their use is problematical. 



The height of kiva L is 7 feet 5 inches, that of the pilasters 5 feet 

 4 inches, and of the banquette 3 feet 3 inches. The diameter is 12 feet 

 2 inches. Number of pilasters G. The flue opens on the western 

 side; its height is 2 feet. Only a single mural niche was recognizable. 



The walls of this kiva were very badly damaged, the whole of its 

 front having fallen inward, covering the floor. The construction of 

 the room demanded considerable rock cutting, especially on the east- 

 ern side, to secure the requisite depth. Whatever masonry remained 

 in position was, as a rule, good. Probably no kiva in Cliff Palace 

 was more dilapidated when work began. It had been used as a 

 dump by those who had mutilated the ruins, and a great opening had 

 been torn in its western wall. Excavations showed that the floor had 

 been whollv destroyed. 



The height of kiva N is 7 feet 4 inches, and that of the pilasters 

 5 feet 4 inches. The banquette is 3 feet high. The diameter of the 

 kiva is 11 feet. There are 6 pilasters and 5 mural niches. 



This kiva was in bad condition when the work began, but it is 

 now in good repair and exhibits interesting features. The deflector 

 was wholly destroyed, and it was impossible to find the sipapu. 

 There are evidences of considerable rock cutting on the northern 



" This kiva, one of the finest and in some features the most exceptional in Cliff Palace, 

 is not indicated in Nordenskiold's plan. 



* Nordenslviold describes a ventilator constructed in the same way. 



