58 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 51 



side, and of a little on the eastern and southwestern sides. The 

 kiva walls are blackened by smoke. 



The height of kiva P is 8 feet, its diameter 11 feet 3 inches. The 

 height from the floor to the top of a pilaster is 5 feet 10 inches, and 

 to the top of the banquette 3 feet 4 inches. The number of pilasters 

 is 6, and their average breadth about 20 inches. 



From the flue to the deflector the distance is 2 feet 8 inches, and the 

 deflector is situated 6 inches from the fire-hole. There are 5 mural 

 niches. 



The walls of this kiva are much blackened by smoke. The masonry 

 is fair, but much broken on the northern and western sides. There is 

 evidence that a considerable amount of rock has been pecked away on 

 the northern side to the floor level. The kiva occupies almost the 

 whole open space in which it is constructed, and the walls of neigh- 

 boring buildings surround it on all sides, rising from the edge of the 

 kiva. In order to secure a level foundation, parallel beams to support 

 the floor were laid from a projecting rock to a masonry wall. The 

 ends of these logs project above the path that leads to the main 

 entrance. 



KIVA Q 



This kiva (pi. 19) is round in shape and measures 8 feet 6 inches 

 from the floor to the top of the wall. There were formerly eight 

 pilasters, which averaged 18 inches in breadth. The height of the 

 pilasters is 6 feet, and of the top of the banquette 3 feet 3 inches. 

 The diameter of the kiva is 13 feet 8 inches. 



The fire-hole is 22 inches from the deflector; the thickness of the 

 latter is 10 inches, and its width 3 feet 3 inches. There are four mural 

 niches, all in fine condition. Although the masonry of this kiva is 

 the finest in Clitf Palace, its whole western end is destroyed. The 

 floor west of the deflector has a slightly convex surface." 



No ceremonial opening, or sipapu, such as occurs in several other 

 Cliff Palace kivas, was found in kiva Q. At the place where this 

 feature usually appears the floor was broken, but as several of the 

 Clift' Palace kivas have no specialized sipapiis it is possible that this 

 device may be looked for in another opening in the floor. There 

 are no sipapus in the Hano kivas of the East Mesa of the Hopi, and 

 the priests of that pueblo assert that- the Tewa have no special hole 

 in the kiva floor to represent this ceremonial opening. Apparently 

 the Pueblos of the Rio Grande are like the Tewa of Hano in this 

 respect. All the kivas of Spruce-tree House and a number of those 



" In ciTcmonial rooms of ruins in the Navaho National Monument this curve is repre- 

 sented by a raised step. 



