60 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll. 51 



pilasters and 2 mural niches. Although the greater part of the walls 

 of this kiva was destroyed, a deep banquette still remains above the 

 air shaft. The floor has the same level as the second terrace, or one 

 story above kiva S, the roof of which is consequently at the level of 

 the floor of kiva T. 



Kiva T was in bad condition Avhen work began, as part of its front 

 wall had fallen and only the tops of the others were visible above the 

 debris. Even the floor level was difficult to determine. 



The form of kiva V is round, and its height is 7 feet G inches. The 

 height of one of the pilasters is 4 feet 11 inches, and that of the 

 banquette 3 feet 4 inches. The diameter of the kiva is 12 feet. There 

 are 5 pilasters. The fire-hole is 4 inches from the flue; the diameter 

 of the fire-hole is 20 inches, its depth G inches. There are G mural 

 niches, so arranged that two large niches are situated above two 

 small ones. The presence of but 5 pedestals is accounted for by the 

 joining of 2 above the flue. Much rock-cutting was necessary in 

 constructing this kiva, especially on the northern and southwestern 

 sides. As the front wall of the kiva had fallen, it had to be practi- 

 cally rebuilt. The foundations were unstable, apparently having 

 been constructed on loose stones carelesslv laid. 



This kiva is round and measures 5 feet G inches from the floor to 

 the top of one of the pilasters. The top of the banquette is 3 feet 4 

 inches above the floor. The diameter of the kiva is 12 feet 8 inches. 

 The number of pilasters is G and their average breadth 20 inches. 



The distance from the deflector to the line of the wall is 23 inches; 

 the height of the deflector is 22 inches, the thickness 9 inches, and the 

 width 3 feet 2 inches. The fire-hole is 18 inches from the sipapu; 

 the latter is 10 inches deep and 3 inches in diameter, and is lined with 

 a pottery tube cemented in place. There are three mural niches. 



Kiva V is exceptional in the amount of rock-cutting that was nec- 

 essar}' for lowering the flooi- to the desired level. Probably the 

 greatest amount of stone-cutting was done in this kiva. 



There remains to be mentioned a unique tunnel which may eventu- 

 ally throw some light on ceremonial openings in the kivas of cliff- 

 dwellings. Just beneath the adobe floor, extending from a vertical 

 flue outside the kiva to the fire-hole, which it does not, however, enter, 

 there is a passage through which a small person may crawl. Exte- 

 riorly this opens into a vertical flue which was broken down; inside 

 it ends bluntly at the fire-hole. About midway of its length there 

 extends from it a lateral passageway, slightly curved, forming 



