hrdliCka] skeletal EEMAINS OF EARLY MAN 163 



bones of bats of varieties which still inhabit the cave, and those of 

 many existing species of rodents. The bones of a number of indi- 

 viduals of a species of large extinct rodent, Hydrochsdrus sulcidens, 

 were mingled irregularly with the human bones in the yellowish 

 earth with blackish discolorations. The earth covering of the floor 

 of the cave and the bottom of the pool also contained a quantity of 

 the same. 



There were bones of some species of DidelpTiis, which were nearly 

 always found in the cave deposits, and those of carnivores, including 

 the great fossil jaguar (Felis protopantJier) , belonging to a species 

 that is extinct, or at least does not now exist in Brazil. The remams 

 of this jaguar were found beside the human bones in the yellowish 

 clay with black discolorations, and also in the floor covering of the 

 cave and at the bottom of the pool. The bones in the first-mentioned 

 deposit were of similar aspect externally to the human bones. Among 

 the petrified bones of the pool and of the mold covering the floor of 

 the cave were also those of a puma and an ocelot, identical with 

 those of animals of these species still in existence. 



The most interesting of the canine bones belonged to Canis jubatus, 

 the existing wolf of Brazil. Wliile the bones of the puma and the 

 ocelot have been found occasionally in ancient layers of soil and in 

 bone breccia, this is not true of the osseous remains of this wolf. 

 The bones of this animal "were found mixed pellmell with those of 

 man in the yellowish earth with black discolorations, and the stain- 

 ing was the same in the two species. The earth covering the floor 

 and that forming the bottom of- the pool contained also some debris 

 of the troglodyte wolf (extinct), side by side with the bones of a small 

 chacal similar to the one wiiich still exists in the country." The 

 bones of a species of otter, similar to the living Lutra hrasiliensis, end 

 the list. 



The pachyderms were represented by peccaries of two living 

 species. ''Their bones were everywhere mingled with the human 

 skeletal remains, but especially so in the yeUowish earth with black 

 discolorations." There were also traces of an extinct larger species 

 of peccary and of tapir. 



Besides the above, Lund found in the same cave, as reported in his 

 earlier letter, the bones of a horse, differing from those of the two 

 fossil species of this animal wliich existed in Brazil, but exhibiting 

 "great conformity with the existing domesticated horse." However, 

 these bones came from a stronger, taUer animal than the ordinary horse 

 of Brazil. They lay in the yellow as well as in the more reddish clay 

 with blackish discolorations, and their state of decomposition was 

 similar to that of the bones which surrounded them. They were cal- 

 careous, and in part petrified. Lund says: "This last circumstance 

 creates a new and unexpected difficulty, the solution of which may 

 one day lead to important results. No one could pretend that the 



