hedliCka] skeletal REMAINS OP EARLY MAN 169 



ture is heart-shaped, very irregular. The canine fossse are but little 

 excavated; the occipital foramen presents oval form. . . . The 

 cephalic index of the skull is 69.72; its capacity 1,388 cc; its facial 

 angle (Cloquet's) 67°." 

 Principal measurements : 



cnt. 



Diameter antero-posterior 18. 5 



Diameter transverse maximum 12. 9 



Diameter vertical '. 14. 5 



Arc, nasion to bregma 13. 



Arc, bregma to lambda 14.0 



Arc, lambda to opisthion 12.0 



Arc, from one auditory opening to the other 31. 



Basion-nasion diameter 9. 3 



Diameter frontal maximum 10.7 



Diameter frontal minimum 9.2 



Circumference, horizontal 51. 5 



Diameter bizygomatic 13. 



Orbital interval 2.2 



Transverse diameter of the orbit 4.1 



Vertical diameter of the orbit 3. 3 



Depth of the orbit 5.0 



Distance from nasal suture to nasal spine 4.5 



Breadth of the nasal aperture - - 2.4 



The principal conclusion concerning the specimen under considera- 

 tion is (pp. 72-73) that "the fossil cranium of Lagoa Santa, one of 

 the precious objects of our collection, approaches in its character- 

 tics very much the crania of the Botocudos." ^ 



In 1879 Quatrefages made the Lagoa Santa remains the occasion 

 of an extended report before the anthropologic meeting at Moscow.^ 



From the letters of Lund and the descriptions of the Rio de Janeiro 

 skull by Lacerda and Peixoto, Quatrefages arrives, after a prolonged 

 discussion of the case, but altogether too prematurely, it seems, at the 

 following far-fetched conclusions: 



"1. In Brazil, as in Europe, man lived contemporaneously with 

 divers species of mammals which are absent from the present geologic 

 epoch. 



"2. The fossil man of Brazil discovered by Lund in the caves of 

 Lagoa Santa existed certainly at the epoch of the reindeer; but, 

 according to the opinion of M. Gaudry, he may not have existed at 

 the epoch of the mammoth. 



1 During his visit at Rio de Janeiro the writer was able to see the skull in question, which is still preserved 

 at the Instituto de Historia y Geografia in that city. Unfortunately the key of the closet in which the 

 specimen is kept had been lost, so that the specimen could be inspected only through the glass. It was 

 found that Lacerda's illustrations of the specimen were quite accurate. The skull is that of an adult, sex 

 somewhat d-oubtful — either a male with submedium supraorbital ridges and moderate mastoids, or a female 

 with these parts above average. No primitive characteristics. Orbits small, not sharp, relatively rather 

 high, but not abnormally so, mesorhtny, small prognathism; upper alveolar process low, not strong. Vault 

 moderate in size, apparently not deformed, dolichocephalic. Supraorbital ridges moderate; do not form 

 complete arch. Color dark-brownish; specimen looks as if it had been treated with some preservative. 



' Quatrefages, A. de, L'horame fossile de Lagoa-Santa (Bresil) et ses descendants actuels; in Izvieslia 

 imper. obshchestva Ijubitelei estestvoznania, etc., m, Moskva, 1880, pp. 32X-338. Also in C. R. I' Acad. Sci., 

 xcm, Paris, 1881, p. 882. 



