hrdliCka] 



SKELETAL REMAIlSrS OF EAKLY MAN 



173 



Janeiro specimen) are hypsi-dolichocephalic, with average length- 

 breadth index of 72.2 and an average length-heiglit index of 80.2. 

 The face, in consequence of the, strong outstanding of the zygomatic 

 arches and small height, is chamasprosopic, the upper facial index 

 averaging 1^7 . The nasal aperture is in all mesorhinic, the average 

 nasal index amounting to 50.2. The palate is very broad and is 

 brachystaphyline. All four skulls show prenasal fossae. The orbits 

 are low, average index 78.2. There is a rather strong grade of 

 prognathism. 



His determinations in regard to the racial characteristics of the 

 Lagoa Santa skulls agree, Kollmann states, with those of Reinhardt, 

 Quatrefages, and of Lacerda and Peixoto; but, "howsoever valuable 

 all these individual features established by means of craniology are, 

 much more significant still is the fact, which must impress itself upon 

 everyone, that the skulls from Lagoa Santa have the cJiaracter of 

 American crania, the racial features of the still-living Indians." 



Curiously, however, the above does not lead Kollmann to any doubt 

 as to the antiquity of the specimens ; it is for him a proof rather of 

 absence of changes in these features in America since the period of 

 the American diluvium (p. 206). 



The measurements (KoUmann's) of the specimens are as follows: 



Crania of Lagoa Santa 



Average 

 of the 

 indices 



Lengtli of skull 



Breadth of skull 



Breadth of forehead 



Height of forehead 



Circumference, horizontal 

 Face, lieight (estimated) . 



Face, upper, lieight 



Face, breadth 



Nose, height 



Nose, breadth 



Orbits, breadth 



Orbits, height 



Palate, length 



Palate, breadth 



Length-breadth index... 



Length-height index 



Breadth-height index . . . 



Facial index, upper 



Nasal index 



Orbital index 



Palate index 



18.0 



13.5 



10.0 



14.5 



51.2 



11.0 



(i.O 



13.8 



4.7 



2.3 



4.2 



3.2 



4.7 



4.7 



74.9 



80.5 



107.4 



43.4 



48.9 



76.1 



100.0 



80.2 

 110.8 

 47.0 

 50.2 

 78.3 



KoUmann's conclusions, based in the main on this Lagoa Santa 

 series, are as follows: 



"1. The varieties of the American man show already in the 

 diluiiium the same face and skuU forms as to-day. They have 

 already the characteristics of the Indian. 



