hrdliCka] skeletal REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 195 



"The two skulls are not the representatives of the two races which, 

 in former times, inhabited the region of the Rio Negro near the ocean. 



"In the ancient cemeteries ^ are found several cranial forms. The 

 most ancient is that represented by the above-mentioned calva. 

 This race lived, I believe, in the glacial time of Patagonia, which 

 however, is more recent than the glacial epoch of Europe. 



"Afterward (but not very long after, I believe), there comes a race, 

 Neanderthaloid in type, very similar to the Botocudo. . . . 

 The skulls of this race are interred in the ancient dunes. 



"Still later there appeare a cranial type with marked prognathism, 

 and with the posterior or occipital part of the skull rounded instead 

 of being very elongated. . . . There are normal as well as 

 deformed (fronto-parietal compression) crania. 



"The type known under the name of Aymara is seen afterward (of 

 this I have found more than 100 skulls); the specimens belonging to 

 this type are all blacldsh. It is diflicult to say whether this is con- 

 temporaneous with or slightly subsequent to the just-mentioned flat- 

 heads, of which one can see about 50 representatives in the Archeo- 

 logical Museum of Buenos Aires. 



"The most modern types in the valley and those which are perpet- 

 uated to this day, are those of the pampas, and the Patagonians or 

 Tehuelches, with brachycephalic skulls that are generally deformed 

 by flattening of the occiput. Some of the crania of these races are 

 found painted red." 



The foregoing report of Senor Moreno occasioned considerable 

 discussion. 



]\Im. Bordier, Bertillon, and Broca considered the lesion of the first- 

 mentioned skull evidently syphilitic. 



Topinard remarked that the specimens "are the most authentically 

 ancient skulls which we loiow from America. . . . Both come 

 from the alluvia of glacial origin, of the Rio Negro; it is understood, 

 however, that the term 'glacial' does not signify anything analogous 

 in that country to the glacial epoch in Europe. We are still ignorant 

 of even the rudiments of the chronology of the terranes and the 

 faunae of the Argentine Republic and Patagonia. Nevertheless, there 

 is some reason to believe that the alluvia, the 'river beds' of the 

 English, possess in these countries considerable antiquity and ante- 

 date by at least some thousands of years the Christian era." Both 

 of the skulls "are artificially deformed, and one, especially, presents 

 the classical, elongated, cylindric, low deformation, with its two char- 

 acteristic, frontal and postbregmatic, depressions, known under the 

 term Aymara. 



"The other skuU, found by M. Moreno 15 feet beneath the surface, 

 is also deformed but the type of the shaping is different. It is not the 



1 The author speaks only of those in the valley of the Rio Negro. 



