HEDLK^KA] SKELETAL REMAINS OF EAELY MAN 201 



preservation and of the same color as the bones of the fossil animals, 

 and that their internal parts were filled with the same Pampean 

 earth wliich forms the stratum in wliich they lay. 



At the end of the later article (1880) are notes by P. Broca on the 

 bones themselves, which read as follows : 



"1. A portion of an iliac bone from the left side, belonging to an 

 aged woman of very small stature ; the border of the cotyloid cavity 

 shows traces of dry arthritis. ^ 



"2. Four vertebrae more or less entire and three or four fragments 

 without form. The former are the sixth and seventh cervical, with 

 bifurcated spinous processes, and the first and second dorsals. They 

 belong manifestly to the same subject of very small stature and 

 present about their superior and inferior surfaces traces of patho- 

 logical ossification referable to senile alteration, which in the articu- 

 lation of the limbs one would qualify as dry arthritis or chronic 

 rheumatism. 



''3. Dozen ribs or fragments of ribs from one subject, again of 

 small stature. One of the entire ribs presents on its inferior border 

 an enlargement, which would make one believe that it belonged to 

 another subject, if a similar condition in slighter degree did not exist 

 on another rib; it is the result of senile hyperostosis of the same kind 

 as that presented -by the vertebrae. 



"4. One scaphoid bone from the foot and one metatarsal. This 

 is the smallest human scaphoid that one can imagine; the major 

 dimension of its articular fossa does not measure more than 26 mm. 



"5. Seven metacarpals, some of them deformed and showing at 

 their extremities traces of dry arthritis. One, the metacarpal of the 

 left thumb, is 38 mm. long. 



''6. Eight phalanges of the hand. * ' 



"7. Head of a radius, very small. 



"8. One tooth, probably a median upper incisor, of which the root 

 is disfigured by an abundant deposit of cement, and the crown much 

 beveled by use. 



"From the above it is possible to conclude legitimately that all 

 these hones belonged to a very old woman afi'ected by senile altera- 

 tions of the skeleton, one whose stature descended surely below 

 1.50 m." 



In this pubhcation (p. 11) Ameghino further states his behef that 

 the strata which yielded the human bones are not Quaternary but 

 Tertiary. 



In his Antiquity of Man in Argentina ^ Ameghino occupies himself 

 again with the finds of the Arroyo de Frias, more at length than in 

 any preceding publication. But most of what is said ^ merely repeats 



1 La antigiiedad, etc., n, pp. 483-511. 



* Of this it will be possible to give here only a small part; for the rest the reader is referred to the origLaal. 



