230 BXTREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 5^ 



should belong to the Upper Pampean ? The statements appear possi- 

 ble only from a worker well versed in the anthropology of Europe, 

 but less so in that of America, a condition reflected also by the 

 works cited. The last^ sentence quoted is wholly untenable. To 

 make this clear, one needs only to point to the recent well-considered 

 conclusions of Rivet on the same subject.^ There are cranial types 

 which may be justly considered essentiall}'^ American, and, as recog- 

 nized by Lehmann-Nitsche and as will be shown later on, the 

 Arrecifes skull has everything in common with sucli of these types 

 as it approximates in cephalic index. 



The measurements given by Mochi are those of Lehmann-Nitsche. 

 Two estimates, one of the basio-bregmatic height and the other 

 that of the greatest bizygomatic breadth of the skull, are both too 

 liigh, and others of the facial structures, in view of the defective 

 state of those parts, can not be given much weight. 



As to the geologic age of the find, Mochi is inclined to believe, on 

 the basis of tlie alterations of the bone and the calcareous incrusta- 

 tion, that the skull ''belongs to one of the final phases of the 

 Quarternary." 



Examination by the Writer 



What the writer observed in lus examination of the Arrecifes 

 skull may be briefly stated as follows: 



The specimen is a normal, symmetric, and beyond any doubt 

 masculine, skull. The subject was adult but not old. Tlie sutures 

 seem to be patent, but the teeth show rather advanced wear. 



The skull has been fairly well reconstructed from about 24 pieces. 

 The facial and basal parts are to a large extent defective. Parts of 

 the temporals have been rebuilt in mastic, and the same is true of 

 parts of the malars; furthermore, the mending substance is seen 

 also between the parietals and the occipital, and between the mastoid 

 portions and the parietals, slightly enlarging the vault. 



The dorsal sm-face is covered with grayish, semigranular, calcareous 

 incrustation, which measures from a fraction of a millimeter to about 

 1 mm. in thickness. Ventrally the bones are covered with similar 

 coating but to a lesser degree. The skull is quite heavy, but the 

 weight is evidently due largely to the incrustation. Nevertheless the 

 bones and the teeth also seem somewhat mineralized interstitially. 



Wliat remains of the facial structures shows a medium prognathism, 

 with a low upper alveolar process (about 1..3 cm.). The teeth, so far 

 as can be determined, were of ordinary Indian size and form. The 

 dental arch is regular. The palate was not unusually broad nor above 

 moderate in height. The malar bones, badly damaged and defec- 

 tive, present no special features; marginal processes are of medium 



1 Rivet, P., La race de Lagoa- Santa chez les populations pr6colombiennes de I'equateur; in Bull. 

 etMem. Soc. d'Anthr. Paris, 5^ ser., ix, 1908, p. 209 et seq. 



