HRDLieKA] SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 259 



upper limbs, which were stretched along the sides of the body, 

 reached as far down as the knee joint. One hand was united with 

 one of the knee joints by calcareous concretions. It is a matter of 

 regret that, as is frequently the case in this class of sediments (eolian 

 loess), the individual bones were not well-preserved. Although the 

 bones lay in general in their true relations, I still do not believe that 

 the body was buried but rather that it was gradually covered by 

 the dust brought by the wind and storms. The bones showed split- 

 ting and other unmistakable signs of weathering, such as are seen 

 only on bones which have been exposed for some length of time in 

 free air. . . . 



'^That the skeleton belongs to the Interaiediary Pampean will not 

 be doubted. The case is still further strengthened by the fact that 

 directly opposite this place is found a bank with the Tertiary oyster 

 shells of the Entre Rios formation. Any one who will examine the 

 case will satisfy himself of the contemporaneity of these two strata." 



There are no further data by Roth. In 1889, however, the locality 

 of the find was visited, under the guidance of Roth, by Carl Burck- 

 hardt and Lehmann-Nitsche, and the report on the observations 

 made is given by the latter.^ From this report it appears that the 

 Baradero skeleton lay at no great depth, apparently only about 1 

 meter, below the surface. The oyster shells collected from the oppo- 

 site bank were declared by von Ihering and SteLnmann to be ''rela- 

 tively modern, probably Quaternary and intimately connected or 

 even identical with the living forms." And the conclusions in 

 Burckhardt's contribution to the subject are as follows (p. 162): 



"Basing our opinions on these data [given in preceding lines], we 

 can not accept the ideas of Roth that the marine bank corresponds 

 to the formation of Entre Rios and that, consequently, a part of the 

 loess and the fossil man of Baradero are Tertiary. 



"We are obliged to hold, on the contrary, that the bank is relatively 

 modern, very probably Quaternar}^, and in consequence that the 

 fossil man of Baradero is himself probably also diluvial." 



Again it is seen that, as in other cases already referred to in this 

 report, the possibility of an ordinary burial from the surface is given 

 no consideration. 



Long before the foregoing excerpt appeared in print, the skeleton 

 was sold to the Ecole Polytechnique Federal of Zurich, and there in 

 1901 the bones were studied by Rudolf Martin. Martin's report is 

 included in Lehmann-Nitsche's work just mentioned: its principal 

 features are as follows (pp. 374-386) : 



"The state of conservation of the Baradero bones leaves so much to 

 be desired that, notwithstanding my good will, I have arrived at the 



> Nouvelles recherches, etc., pp. 144-165. 



