hkdliCka] skeletal, REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 275 



The true molars diminish in size gradually from the first to the last, 

 the first being notably larger than the second. This difference is 

 especially marked in the lower molars. The last lower molar does 

 not exist and there are no signs that it has ever existed. . . . 



''The implantation of the superior incisors, canines, and premolars 

 shows a small slant forward, producing slight dental and subnasal 

 prognathism. In the inferior jaw the same teeth show reversely a 

 slight inclination backward; that is to say, the mandible instead of 

 being prognathic is orthognathic, or, more than that, ultra-orthog- 

 nathic. 



''This characteristic is so much more surprising, as the jaw lacks 

 absolutely the chin prominence, reproducmg in this respect the con" 

 formation of the mandibles of Naulette, Spy, and Krapina, which 

 are classified as belonging to the Homo jJfimigenius. 



"In the Homo primigenius, however, the absence of the chin is 

 accompanied by a strong prognathism of the anterior part of the 

 alveolar region and also of the teeth which are inserted in this part, 

 especially the incisors and the canines; moreover, these teeth are 

 proportionally of larger size, and the canine is not only larger but its 

 crown is also higher than that of the neighboring teeth. 



"This conformation in the Homo primigenius has been interpreted 

 as very primitive, as an ape character inherited from the anthropoids. 



"It is known that I have combatted this view for many years. 

 For me the Neanderthal or Homo primigenius type represents an 

 extinct species, greatly specialized in the direction of bestialization. 

 The pronounced dental prognathism which characterizes this type 

 and the absence of chin are characteristics acquired secondarily. I 

 maintain the opinion that the primitive humanoid (hominideo) type 

 presented orthognathic denture without great canines and with the 

 symphisis of the lower jaw vertical or nearly vertical. 



"The discovery of this new fossil type overthrows in a definite 

 manner the theory of the simian descendants of the Neanderthal 

 type. If this theory were true, the absence of the chin should 

 always be accompanied by a great dental prognathism. Here we have 

 a case completely contrary to that. The absence of the chin is accom- 

 plished by a denture implanted vertically ^ and by an orthognathism 

 as perfect as that in the most elevated existing human races. The 

 theory that the type of Neanderthal is the phylogenetic intermediary 

 between man and the anthropomorphs is overturned by this sole 

 fact. 



"The new type under consideration represents by these charac- 

 teristics a form anterior to that of the Neanderthal man or of the 

 Homo primigenius.^' 



1 Compare previous lines. — A. H, 



