286 BUREAU OF AMEBICAN ETHNOLOGY Ibull. 52 



Vault — Continued. cm. 



Nasion-opisthion arc, about 33 cm. ; transverse arc 27. 5 



Diameter frontal: Min., 8.3 cm. ; max 10. 7 



Face : 



Height : Total, chin point to nasion, about 10.5 cm. ; upper 6. 5 



Breadth (?) (moderate). 



Interorbitai breadth, minimum 2. 2 



Lower jaw : 



Height: At symphysis, 2.9 cm.; between first and second molars 2. 5 



Vert, ramus: Breadth, min., 3.5 cm.; height, about 4. 9 



Thickness of horizontal ramus, between first and second molars (at right 



angles to the vertical axis) 1.3 



The specimen, it is seen, is quite small. The cranial capacity, 

 though the walls of the skull are rather thin, could not have been 

 much more than 1,150 cc. and the front part of the forehead is very- 

 narrow. However, these facts are striking only when the specimen 

 is compared with the standards among wliites, or among the Indians 

 developed physically more highly, as the Patagonians. Let this 

 skull with its mate be contrasted with crania of the same sex of the 

 Bolivians (with whom the individual to whom it belonged may well 

 have stootl in blood relation) or with those of other dolichocephalic 

 and small-statured American tribes, and the dimensions will seem 

 quite ordinary; in fact they will be still, especially as regards the 

 capacity, somewhat distant from the extremes of the normal varia- 

 tion in these crania. Moreover, the minimum frontal diameter, 

 though often naturalh^ small in the Indian, is invariably further 

 diminished through the A3miara kind of deformation. 



As examples of similar smallness of skull from other parts of the 

 continent, the before-mentioned California series may be again 

 referred to. Out of 11 female skulls in which the capacity could 

 be measured, it was in 8 less than 1,200 cc. and in 5 less than 1,110 cc. 

 In many of the Tarahumare (Mexican) females the capacity falls 

 below 1,100 cc, and a similar condition prevails among some of 

 the old Pueblos. As to Bolivia, 7 adult female crania in the 

 United States National Museum collection have a mean diameter 

 frontal minimum of 8.3 (8-8.5) cm., and in the large collection of 

 such skulls, m the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 

 there are many not only with narrow forehead but also with 

 small internal capacity. Finally the most modern-looking skull the 

 writer brought from the Rio Negro Valley (No. 264117, U. S. N. M.), 

 which is slightly deformed in the same Aymara fashion, has the 

 diameter frontal minimum at the closest approach of the temporal 

 crests of onl}' 7.7 cm. 



From Peru the writer lecently brought a large number ot crania, 

 among which have been found thus tar 21 adult female skulls, show- 



