hrdliCka] skeletal REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 293 



slightest vestige of the vault of the skull, owing to its narrow and 

 elongated form. . . . 



"The forehead of the Homo pampxus is so sloping that in this 

 feature it surpasses numerous monkeys." 



The posterior part of the skull is elevated; "the conformation of 

 the frontal [in all the Homo pampaeus skulls] is natural, witliout any 

 vestige of artificial deformation" (p. 170); the last molar teeth are 

 placed forward of a vertical line drawn from the most posterior point 

 on the orbital border (p. 172). As to the lower jaw, "the chin is very 

 prominent;" but "this conformation, which is believed to be recent, 

 is, on the contrary, excessively ancient and reaches probably to the 

 very origin of the Hominiens'^ (p. 173). 



On the whole, the "characters of inferiority of the skull of the Homo 

 pampseus are so apparent," according to Senor Ameghino, "that they 

 can not pass unperceived by any anatomist" (footnote, p. 172). 



On the other hand, Lehmann-Nitsche, who studied the Miramar 

 skeleton in detail,^ fails to find about it any very extraordinary 

 features. The skull "presents no sign of inferiority" (p^ 334-335); 

 but its fossility is such that "the bone adheres to the tongue and 

 has the same characteristic constitution as presented in general by 

 the bones of vertebrates [fossil], which make the reputation of the 

 Museo de la Plata" (p. 336). The view Ameghino takes of the speci- 

 men, in attributing it to a particular species of man, the Homo pam- 

 pseus, "is absurd" (p. 336). 



The skull (pis. 35, 36), wliich is probably mascuhne, shows, accord- 

 ing to Lehmann-Nitsche, a posthumous and an artificial deformation, 

 the latter consisting of a fronto-occipital flattening (pp. 337-33S). 

 It is extraordinarily narrow (p. 340), "supremely dolichocephalic" — 

 cephalic index 68.69 (p. 341). 



The glenoid fossa presents features which correspond exactly with 

 those observed by Martin in ancient skulls from Patagonia (jjp. 

 342-344). 



The palate is very low, the front teeth are small, the crowns of the 

 third molars rather large (p. 346). The left upper third molar is 

 probably congenitally absent (p. 350). 



"The reconstructed profile of the La Tigra skull shows a very 

 strong prognathism," and "in the lower jaw we are equally surprised 

 by the strong prominence of the chin" (p. 349). 



"The capacity of the skull, calculated by Welcker's method, is 

 1,464 cc." (p. 349). 



As to the lower jaw, the ascending ramus is broad, but this Leh- 

 mann-Nitsche considers " characteristic of Americans" (p. 351); "the 

 features of the cliin region, ventrally, belong to the common human 

 type" (p. 356); the curve of the jaw approaches the more primitive 

 U shape, and the bone is stout. 



1 Nouvelles recherches, etc., pp. 334-374. 



