294 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 52 



As to the other bones of the Miramar skeleton, including the long 

 bones, they are compared principally with those of Bavarians, hardly 

 a satisfactory procedure; they present but little worthy of special 

 notice. 



The length and other dimensions of the femur approximate 

 closely the average of the Bavarian bone (pp. 262-268). Both 

 femora are very platymaric. 



The tibiae are platycnemic, the fibulae relatively strong. 



The stature of the individual is calculated to have been approxi- 

 mately 1.634 m. (p. 374). 



The skull of Miramar was also considered, in 1908, with some of 

 the other finds reported by Ameghino, by Giuflfrida-Ruggeri,^ who 

 expresses himself (p. 24) as follows: 



"Ameghino gives illustrations of these skulls, from wh&ch I per- 

 ceive that the Quatenary one (Arrecifes), as well as the one from the 

 Upper Pliocene (Fontezuelas), presents an entirely modern aspect; 

 and so far as the skull from the Lower Pliocene (Miramar) is concerned, 

 the specimen conveys a very distinct impression of being deformed. 

 Ameghino was led himself to say that as to the appearance of the 

 occiput, 'it is probable that that is due to an occipital compression 

 produced during early infancy, although not intentional.' Unfor- 

 tunately, however, for this ' nonintentional' characterization, it hap- 

 pens that, in my opinion, the forehead also is deformed, in the same 

 manner as in pre-Columbian natives of America. It can not be 

 accepted that the front slopes naturally as a result of a defective brain 

 development, for the brain development in the posterior half of the 

 specimen is even excessive, standing in marked contrast to the fore 

 part. Such a feature would be opposed to all experience and would 

 puzzle the observer, who would not comprehend why the brain 

 pressed on the back part of the skull and not also on the frontal bone, 

 arching it in such a manner that it would afford greater accommo- 

 dation for the organ. If the brain failed to exert pressure on the 

 frontal bone (and unintentional pressure exerted on the occiput 

 would have forced the brain of the young man against the frontal 

 bone), it was because there existed also over the forehead a band or 

 some other appliance which pressed upon it. Under these condi- 

 tions, however, it is to be feared that the period of the Lower Pliocene 

 (to which the skull was attributed) becomes the age of the discovery 

 of America." 



In 1909 and again in 1910 Sergi ^ utilized the Homo pampseus 

 without critical consideration of the specimen, in his theory of poly- 

 genism and in a new classification of man. 



1 In Globus, Bd. xciv, Braunschweig, 1908, pp. 21-26. 



2 Sergi, G., L' apologia del mio poligenismo; in Aiti Soc. rom. antr., xv, fase. 2, Roma, 1909, pp. 187-195; 

 and Paleontologie sud-Am^ricaiae, in Scientia, vm, Bologna, 1910, xvi-4. 



