hrdliCka] skeletal REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 303 



The forehead is narrow but not more so than in many more or less 

 recent Indian skulls. Lehmann-Nitsche, who may have measured 

 the specimen while it was still in better condition, gives for the mini- 

 mum fi'ontal diameter 9.1 cm. Twenty-four southern Utah dolicho- 

 cephalic masculine crania, measured by the ^vTiter, show for the 

 same chameter a variation from 8.3 to 9.6 cm., with the average 9 

 cm.; 16 Tarahumare, from Mexico, the variation of 8 to 9.5 and the 

 average 8.9 cm.; 4 Massachusetts Indian skulls the variation of 8.7 

 to 9 and the average 8.9 cm.; and 6 of the deformed skulls from 

 Viedma in which the forehead is not damaged range from 7.7 (No. 

 264117, female, quite recent) to 9.4 cm., with the average 8.7 (average 

 of the five fossil-like specimens alone, 8.9 cm.) It is evident from 

 these figures that the narrowness of the forehead of the Miramar 

 skuU is very ordinary for America and can not be used in support of 

 the antiquity of the specimen. 



The nasion depression is submedium but it is not absent. How- 

 ever, a diminishing of the naso-frontal bent or angle is the rule in 

 crania having the Aymara deformation and occasionally amounts 

 to the entire loss of this feature. It is apparently the effect of trac- 

 tion upward and backward, induced by the band that deforms the 

 skull. It is seen in aU the deformed skulls brought by the writer 

 from Viedma and to some extent also in the specimen from the 

 same locahty described by Verneau (see pis. 37-41). 



The nasal process itself in the IVIiramar skull is of usual length and 

 breadth. The orbits were of medium size, distantly approximating 

 the quadrilateral in form, with borders of moderate dullness. There 

 is no certain evidence that they were above the average in height, 

 though if they were so it would merely agree %vith another common 

 effect of the A3anara-like formation. 



The forehead is artificially lowered but as usual in this type of mis- 

 shaped skulls there is no marked flattening. There are no well- 

 defmed band or pad impressions now perceptible but such may have 

 existed to a slight degree, becoming obliterated by the loss of sub- 

 stance on the surface of the frontal bone. There are no distinct 

 frontal eminences, nor is there any median crest, conditions which 

 agree with what is generally observed in skulls deformed in this 

 manner. 



The supraorbital ridges are of submedium dimensions for a male. 

 This may be natural, for there are rare specimens of mascuUne skulls 

 of American natives in which these protrusions are slight, but more 

 likely it is, at least partially, the result of the artificial shaping, for 

 it is still another feature that often attends the Aymara deforma- 

 tion. Were this not the case, then in face of what is well established 

 as to the really early human remains, the small ridges would have 



