H^LicKA] SKELETAL REMAINS OF EARLY MAN 305 



of the same sex and derivation (Nos. 264105, 264114) give each 10.5 

 cm.; in the most recent female A3miara-like skull from Viedma 

 (No. 264117), the dimension is only 9.9 cm. and in two of the fossil- 

 like skulls from the same locahty (male, 264125 and female, 264126), 

 where it is possible to make the measurement, they are respectively 

 10.5 and 10.7 cm. 



The palate was quite spacious, regular, of moderate depth, and there 

 is no torus. The upper teeth were 16 in number, of medium mascu- 

 line dimensions ; these are moderately worn, with the exception of the 

 last molar on the left side, which shows no -vYear at all ; the crown of 

 this tooth is also slightly higher than that of the adjoining tooth, 

 all these conditions indicating an absence of the corresponding molar 

 in the lower jaw. The teeth are of dirty grayish-cream color, some 

 looking as if covered with a thin, old pellicle of white paint. There 

 are no anomaUes in form and no features at all })rimitive. 



Lower jaw: This bone is on the whole rather massive but of the 

 usual modern Indian form. The chin is square, of medium promi- 

 nence, inferiorly stout. A ventral reenforcement of the alveolar 

 process, above and along the mylo-hyoid line, is quite marked and 

 extends from the first molar backward; this feature is frequently 

 met with in. the American native. 



The teeth in the lower jaw were not well restored. It can be 

 ascertained, however, that there were congenitally only three 

 incisors, and only two molars on the left side. The last molar on 

 the right side is anomalous, having a crown 13 mm. long by 12.5 mm. 

 broad. As to measurements, the thickness of the horizontal ramus 

 (at right angles to its vertical axis),^ opposite the second molar, is 1.8 

 cm.; height at symphysis, approximately 3.3 cm.; the bigonial 

 diameter was about 10.9 cm. and the minimum breadth of the ascend- 

 ing ramus approximately 3.9 cm. At the chin, below the mental 

 spines (which themselves are very moderate), the thickness of the 

 bone is 1.6 cm. 



In eight male lower jaws of Patagonians from wSan Xavier, Rio 

 Negro, collected by the writer, the thickness at the second molar 

 averages 1.7 cm., ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 cm.; while the height at 

 symphysis varies from 3.5 to 4.2 cm., the bigonial diameter from 10 

 to 11.6 cm., the minimum breadth of the vertical ramus from 3.5 to 

 4.1 cm., and the thickness of the chin, below the mental spines, 1.4 

 to 1.65 cm'. 



The only measurement of the Miramar jaw that is slightly outside 

 the range of the variation of this little series of specimens is the 

 moderate height at symphysis. It has been noted that the upper 



iMeasured in the more ordinary way^l.e cm. 

 21535°— Bull. 52—12 20 



