hrdliCka] skeletal REMAINS OP EARLY MAN 3Y3 



The uppermost portion of the bone shows features very mucli 

 at variance with corresponding features of the human species. The 

 anterior surface is less flat than in man. Nothing remains of the 

 great trochanter except the base. This basal part is entirely unlike 

 the same part in man and apes and is directly continuous with the 

 base of the large and adjacent prominence corresponding to the third 

 trochanter. Allied conditions are encountered in the jaguar, wolf, 

 and other Carnivora. The greater trochanter must have been different 

 in form from that in man and most Primates. Its base was weakest 

 antero-laterally, where in man and the anthropoid apes, particularly 

 the gorilla and orang, it is of pronounced strength. This weakness 

 exists in connection with an extension far forward of the trochan- 

 teric fossa, which is a zoomorphic characteristic found in the monkeys, 

 but more especially in the carnivores. On the other hand, the part 

 of the great trochanter lying postero-laterally to the digital fossa and 

 the groove leading from it to the posterior surface of the bone, is 

 relatively stouter in the Tetraprothomo femur than in man or the 

 Primates, owing to its strengthening by the third trochanter. 



Beginning in the median line at the base of the great trochanter, 

 about where in man we find the upper end of the anterior inter- 

 trochanteric line, and thence proceeding do^vnward and outward 

 to the lateral border, just below that part of this border which is 

 contributory to the third trochanter, there is a low but distinctive 

 crest, a result of ligamentous or muscular attachment. This ridge 

 is not to be confounded with a vertical muscular impression found 

 on some mammal femora and rarely even on those of man. It is wholly 

 distinctive and runs in an opposite direction from the anterior 

 oblique or spiral line in man (wliich seems to be lost with the missing 

 upper part of the bone), and corresponds probably to the interval 

 between the crural and the vastus externus muscles. It was not 

 found by the writer in any of the Primates, but was famtly indi- 

 cated in the Bolivian bear, partially represented in the cinnamon 

 bear and the jaguar, well marked in the striped hyena and the gray 

 wolf, and is fairly distinct in the Indian dog from California. 



Posteriorly the upper extremity of the Monte Hermoso femur 

 shows features so unlike both human and primate that no close 

 approximation of the forms is even suggested. 



The minor trochanter lies much more mediad than in man and 

 the gorilla, though slightly or no more so than in other apes; the 

 closest analogies are found, however, in the Carnivora. (PI. 65.) 



The minor trochanter in the Tetraprothomo is also situated very 

 high; with the bone in the bicondylar position the superior part of 

 it is only 2 mm. lower than the base of the trochanteric fossa. This 

 position is paralleled in a hyena and a coyote and approximated in 



