46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 53 



sonfjs in this collection are supposed to have been composed by 

 Chippewa. The drum used to accompany the woman's dance is the 

 hxrge drum similar to that used in the Drum-presentation Ceremony 

 but less elaborately decorated. 



Seventy per cent of the woman's sono:s are minor in tonality, tliis 

 beinof the largest proportion of any group except the gift songs, 

 which shmv 75 per cent. Half the songs begin on the dominant and 

 one-fifth begin on the octave above the tonic. The proportion end- 

 ing on the tonic exceeds the average of the series. Forty per cent 

 have a range of an octave, and 40 per cent a range of a twelfth, this 

 being the highest percentage m the group. Half the songs are on 

 the five-toned scales, this proportion being the same as in the gift 

 songs and in the songs for the entertainment of children. Only one 

 song contains an accidental, and all the songs are purely melodic in 

 stiiicture, the love songs (93 per cent) being the nearest rivals in this 

 respect. The upward and downward ])rogressions are evenly divided, 

 as in the love songs and in those for the entertainment of children. 

 One-fourth of the intervals, in both ascending and descending pro- 

 gression, are minor thirds. It ^\^ll be recalled that the moccasin 

 game songs, with almost the same proportion of minor tonality, do 

 not show so great prominence of minor thirds. The average interval 

 is the same as the average for the entire series — 3.1 semitones, the 

 same interA^al being shown by the dream songs. In definiteness of 

 beginning these songs exceed all except the songs of the pipe dance, 

 90 per cent beginning on the accented part of the measure. Conti- 

 nuity of measure-lengths is greater in tliis group than in any other, 

 40 per cent of the songs showing no change of time. The triple 

 dmm-rhythm occurs with all the songs. Considering the definiteness 

 of begimiing, the large proportion of songs ending on the tonic, and 

 the steadily maintained length of the measures, it is surprising to 

 find that the proportion of songs containing a rhythmic unit is the 

 smallest except in songs of the moccasin game and for entertamment 

 of children. The proportion of songs having the same metric unit of 

 voice and drum is largest except in the pipe dance. 



The rhytlun of the woman's dance songs is particularly ''catchy" 

 and pleasing, but the element of what might be termed intellectu- 

 alit}' does not enter into this merrymaking, and perhaps this lack is 

 one of the factors essential to the development of a song fiom a small 

 group of tones. In tonality we note a correspondence with the gift 

 songs and recall that gifts were an important feature of the woman's 

 dance. Simple pleasure allied this group to that of the pipe dance 

 songs and the songs for the entertainment of children, and some cor- 

 responding characteristics are shown by the analysis. 



The rhythmic units occurring in the woman's dance songs will be 

 found on page 32$. 



