densmore] chippewa music — ii 49 



songs connected with gifts 

 (mi'gine, ma'moya'ne, na'gumowi'nun) 



This group comprises Nos. 151-153 and 189-191 in Bulletin 45, 

 and Nos. 123, 124 of the present work. These are the songs which 

 accompany gifts, usually the gift of a pony, and are sung by the 

 recipient or giver, together with the singers at the drum. The songs 

 are used in the social dances. Three-fourths of the songs are minor 

 in tonality, and one begins in major tonality but changes to minor 

 by lowering the third and sixth a semitone, the keynote remaining 

 the same. Half of these songs begin on the keynote, and half end on 

 the tonic. Eighty-eight per cent of them have a compass of an octave 

 or more, the allied groups being the moccasin game, woman's dance, 

 and begging dance. Half the songs are on the five-toned scales, as 

 in the woman's dance and the songs for the entertainment of children, 

 and all contain the tonic triad. Only one song contains an accidental 

 and in this the second is lowered a semitone. Sixty-two per 'cent of 

 the songs are purely melodic in structure. Half begin with a down- 

 ward progression, the same proportion occurring in the songs of the 

 woman's dance and the songs for the entertainment of children. The 

 minor third constitutes more than one-fourth of the intervals in both 

 ascending and descending progression. The average interval is the 

 smallest in the entire series, being only 2.2 semitones. Eighty-seven 

 per cent of the songs begin on the accented part of the measure, 

 a proportion exceeded only by the songs of the moccasin game, the 

 woman's dance, and the pipe dance. Sixty-three per cent begin in 

 2-4 time and contain a change of time. The drum-rhythm is that 

 of the social dance. The percentage of songs containing a rhythmic 

 unit is the same as that of the entire series. In half the songs the 

 metric unit of voice and drum is the same, and in half the voice is 

 faster than the drum. 



The rhythmic units occurring in these songs are given on pages 

 329-330. 



songs for the ejsttertainment of children 

 (a'dizo'ke na'gumowi'nun) 



This group comprises Nos. 149 and 197 in Bulletin 45 and Nos. 

 51-53, 127, 179, and 180 of the present work. Nos. 149 of Bulletin 

 45 and No. 127 in this volume represent different versions of the 

 same song, recorded on widely separated reservations, which present 

 some differences on analysis. It wUl be noted that, with the excep- 

 tion of the lullaby, aU these songs are characterized b}'' a marked 

 sense of humor and usually mimic the interests and occupations of 

 the tribe. 



Half these songs are major and half are minor in tonality; half 

 begin on the tonic and three-fourths end on the tonic. Two songs 

 67996°— BuU. 53—13 4 



