DENSMORE] CHIPPEWA MUSIC II 145 



called o'gima dewe'igun (chief drum) and the smaller ogl'tcida 

 dewe'igHn (warrior drum). The chief drum, as the name implies, is 

 usually given by one chief or leader to another and the warrior drum 

 is presented by one member of the tribe to another. The word 

 "chief" as used in this connection refers to the leadmg man of a 

 village or settlement and throughout the description of the ceremony 

 the word "warrior" refers to any of the men of the assembly. 



At the ceremony witnessed by the writer the chief drum was pre- 

 sented to Wis'kino, chief or "speaker" of the West Branch Settle- 

 ment of the Menominee tribe, by Bi'jikens ^ ("small ox"), a promi- 

 nent member of the Lac du Flambeau Band of Chippewa, and the 

 warrior drum was presented to a Menominee from another part of 

 the reservation by a Lac du Flambeau Chippewa. 



The chief drum (pi. 18) presented on this occasion was seen by the 

 writer in the house of Bi'jikens. It was placed on a low box in one 

 corner of the room; the box and the floor around it were covered 

 with a clean white quilt. Beside the drum were the various articles 

 belonging to it, the pipe filled and ready for use, and the drum- 

 sticks in neat cloth cases. The drum and all that pertained to it 

 were treated with greatest respect by Bi'jikens and his family. 

 After some hesitation he gave his consent to the photographing of 

 the drum and it was carried to the dancing circle by his son and his 

 son-in-law (pi. 19), two of the men officially intrusted with its care. 



The curved stakes supporting the drum were more than 3 feet in 

 height and when in position were about 6 feet in span (pi. 18). The 

 drum was 27 inches in diameter and about 12 inches in thickness. 

 It had two heads of untanned hide decorated alike — one half painted 

 blue and the other half red, with a band of yeUow near the edge of 

 the blue segment. The sides of the drum were concealed by a strip of 

 red flannel edged with blue, which hung below the rim; this was deco- 

 rated with pierced silver disks. Around the upper rim was a band of 

 otter fur 2 inches wide, with four loops of fur which served as 

 handles for lifting the drum and also as a means of suspending it 

 from the stakes when in use. Below the band of fur was a broad band 

 of beadwork edged with a deep fringe of beads terminating in tassels 

 and metal thimbles. Four ornaments of heavy beadwork decorated 

 the sides of the drum. The stakes supporting the drum were com- 

 pletely covered with beadwork and bands of otter fur. In a socket 

 on the top of each were placed two large feathers, and each stake was 

 tipped with the tufted end of a cow's tail and several ribbon stream- 

 ers, blue on the stakes at the west and north and red on those at 



1 This name is composed of two words, "fit'jlfci," meaning originally "buffalo" and later applied to "cat- 

 tle" (see pp. 63, 203), and "ens," a diminutive termination. The meaning of the name was given as 

 "small ox," this being the more common translation oiWjiki. 



67996°— Bull. 53—13 10 



