206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 53 



WORDS 



taki^gami' cool water 



1 / w ,.. rhe will eive me to drink 



da'mina'ig J 



manido^ manido^ 



wawa^biiinit where he sees me 



Analysis.' The voice tempo is much more rapid in this than in the 

 preceding song, while the tempo of the drum remains about the same.^ 

 (Compare Nos. 103, 104; 121, 122; also No. 168.) The first measure 

 forms a rhythmic unit which occurs four times and clearly influences 

 the rhythm of the entire song. The flatted sixth is found twice and 

 was given in all of the six renditions of the song; it is not correct in 

 intonation, being somewhat less than a semitone above C. The song 

 is harmonic in structure and contains the tones of the fourth five- 

 toned scale. Attention is directed to the very low note at the close 

 of the song; this was sung softly but was clear and approximated 

 accuracy of intonation. 



GAME SONGS 



It is the belief of the Chippewa that gambling was taught the 

 Indians by a manido' in order to relieve their distress from hunger 

 and ill fortune. Three games were taught them for this purpose — 

 the hand game {onin' jiwatage'wm) , the moccasin game imakizin' ata' - 

 diwin'), and the plate game {hugese'wvn). Songs were sung during 

 the first two games, but there was no music with the plate game, as 

 the play was very brief and the computing of the score required con- 

 siderable time. All these games are played by the Chippewa of the 

 present day and are commonly regarded as mere pastimes, but it is 

 said that "the older Indians who understand the origin of the games 

 and songs still hold them in reverence as a gift from the Manido'." 



The following narrative concerning the origin of gambling was 

 given by E'niwub'e (pi. 26): 



Long ago there was a Chippewa who had two wives, each of whom had two children. 

 The man was a great hunter and could kill any animal that he desired. He once took 

 his family and went on a hunting expedition. They went far away from all other 

 Indians. Suddenly one of his children died and the next day another died. He and 

 his wives buried them. The third day another child died and on the following day 

 the last of his children died. The fourth day one of his wives died and on the follow- 

 ing day his other wife died. He buried them both. Then he wondered what would 

 become of him. Should he kill himself with his knife or with his arrow? He decided 

 not to do so. A death as certain awaited him if he wandered about the country until 

 worn out with exhaustion, and he decided on this course. Day after day he walked 

 continuously. If he saw water he did not drink, for he was determined to die. He 

 staggered on his way until at last he fell and could not rise. His clothing of skins had 



> In his description of Iroquois Music (in Archxological Report of Ontario 1898, p. 145) Mr. A. T. Cringan 

 states: "The rate of movement in the melody may be accelerated pr retarded but that of the accompanj- 

 jnent remains constant throughout," 



