152 INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY—PUBLICATION NO. 4 
Garbanzo, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). 
Garlito, fish trap, those on Lake Atitlan consisting of a 
split-cane funnel with a cane pole attached to the apex; 
placed with the baited funnel opening toward the bank, 
on which the pole rests. 
Grana, see Cochineal. 
Granadilla, edible fruit of a passion flower, or the vine 
(especially Passiflora ligularis). 
Gravilea, silk oak (Grevillea robusta), ornamental tree 
sometimes used for coffee shade at middle altitudes, but 
too brittle for good wind resistance. 
Guachipilin, small leguminous tree (Diphysa robinioides), 
having very hard wood much used in house construc- 
tion (for mainposts, especially) and for railroad ties. 
Guarumo, slender tree (Cecropia spp.) having a soft, hollow 
trunk much used in the Lowlands for house walls. 
Giiicoy, a small, warty deeply lobed squash (Cucurbita 
pepo ?) grown generally in high altitudes (above about 
1,600 m.). 
Guineo, banana (Musa sapientum). 
Giiisquil, vegetable pear or chayote (Sechiwm edule), hav- 
ing edible fruit, leaves, and root (echintal). 
Haba, broadbean (Vicia faba). 
Henequen, see sisal. 
Hizote, yucca (Yucca elephantipes), common hedge plant. 
Hoja de sal, leaf of Calathea lutea, marantaceous plant 
having large, bananalike leaves with whitish under- 
sides; much used locally in Pacific Lowlands for roof 
thatch. 
Hoja maxan, or bijao, leaf of Calathea macrosepala, broad- 
leafed marantaceous plant of the Pacific Coastal Low- 
lands, sold in quantity throughout the region for food 
wrappings. 
Huipil, Indian woman’s tuniclike upper garment, having no 
true sleeves, but openings left in partially stitched sides. 
Iguana, large (up to 6 feet) edible lizard (Iguana iguana), 
of arboreal habit and largely herbivorous, much prized 
for food, as are the eggs (iguaxte). 
Iguaxte, iguana eggs. 
Ingerto (lit. a horticultural graft), Calocarpum viride, 
sapotaceous tree with fruit similar to the mamey, but 
smaller and smoother skinned. 
Intendente municipal, political chief of a municipio; term 
in use since 1935, replacing alcalde. In municipios having 
large Ladino populations the itendente is always a 
Ladino, though the Indians have their officials in the 
municipalidad indigena. In municipios with almost no 
Ladino population the intendente is an Indian; the secre- 
tary is usually a Ladino, but may be an Indian who can 
read and write Spanish. 
Invierno, rainy season, “winter,” lasting from May through 
October in most of the region; actually, summer. 
Irsix, large yellow butter bean (Phaseolus coccineus) eaten 
in the pod, even after drying, by Indians of San Juan 
Atitan. 
Isohyps, imaginary line of equal elevation above mean sea 
level. 
Ixcaco, or algod6n ixcaco; cotton (Gossypium mexicanum) 
with a reddish brown fiber; also, sometimes, the color. 
Ixcumita, tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), grown in the 
Pacific Coastal Lowlands. 
Ixpanqué, lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) varieties in the 
Pacific Lowlands; generally red or red and black striped 
and mottled, large or small, and flat. Other local terms 
for lima beans are patashete, in Cuchumatanes region, 
and furuna, in eastern Guatemala. 
Ixtapacal, lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) ; Pacific Lowland 
varieties, generally small, black (may be red or red 
splotched on black), roundish or slightly flattened. Maya 
glyph outlines apparently represent this bean, as in 
Mochica and Nasca ceramic decorations in Peru. 
Ixtle, fiber of certain magueys (gq. v.). 
Jaboncillo, soapberry tree (Sapindus saponaria), and its 
berries, much used for soap. 
Jaspe, tie-dyed yarn, or ikat. 
Jefatura, official headquarters of the jefe politico, or gov- 
ernor of a department. 
Jefe politico, chief civil officer of a department, largest 
political division in Guatemala. 
Jicara, tree calabash of oblong shape, much used for drink- 
ing vessels. 
Jicaro, calabash tree (Crescentia cujete and C. alata). 
Jiquilite, see Anil. 
Jobo, hog plum, small tree (Spondias lutea) ; also its in- 
ferior, acid fruit. 
Jocote, (lit. sour fruit, Aztec) acid, plumlike fruit, yellow 
or red; ciruela (tree), ciruelo (fruit) (Mex., Peru) ; 
“Spanish plum” or mombin; also, the tree (Spondias 
purpurea). 
Jornalero, see Temporadista. 
Labor, small agricultural settlement. 
Ladinize, to assume or to imbue with a predominance of 
Ladino traits; used only with reference to Indians, 
Ladino, middle or lower class man having a predominance 
of European (Spanish) culture traits; distinguished 
from the Guatemalan aristocracy (except in the census) 
and from the Indian, who has distinctive culture traits, 
as in language, food, houses, and dress, some elements 
of which may be Spanish colonial. 
Lagarto (“alligator”), cayman (probably Caiman sclerops, 
the spectacled cayman, which is most common), croco- 
dilian reptile most closely related to the American 
alligator, 
Laurel, tree (Cordia alliodora) having fine wood for con- 
struction and cabinet work. 
Lima, sweet lime (Citrus limetta) ; an insipid citrus fruit 
which looks like a large, round lemon, and has a thick, 
loose skin and easily separable segments. 
Lim6én, sour lime (Citrus aurantifolia); the tree or its 
roundish, yellowish green, thin-skinned, acid fruit. 
Macana, planting stick about 2 m. long, pointed at the lower 
end, held vertically in both hands; used mainly in Low- 
land agriculture. 
Machete, large heavy, curved knife, usually with blade 
20 to 25 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide, with 
convex cutting edge; used for clearing, harvesting, cut- 
ting wood, etc. Nearly all are American-made (Collins). 
Madre de cacao, Lowland tree (Gliricidia sepiwm), used for 
coffee shade and for construction wood. 
Maguey, century plant; any of a number of species of 
Agave and some species of Furcraea, serving mainly 
for coarse fiber. 
