162 
PLATE:3, 
a, The green leaves are rolled up in bundles, each containing 
700. There are 12 bundles on the cart (see p. 45). 
The scene is just south of Mazatenango, on the road 
to Santo Domingo, March 1936. Oxcarts, common 
in the Pacific Lowlands and in parts of eastern 
Guatemala, are rare in the southwestern Highlands. 
The cartload of leaves (about 8,400) shown in a is suffhi- 
cient for the roof of the average house, about 4 by 5 
yards. A dozen or more friends and neighbors help 
the owner, who provides food and rum during the 
operation. 
, The walls of this house are of giant bamboo (tarro), 
unsplit, and the roof is of hoja de sal. 
, The Indian man in the foreground wields a machete in 
his right hand, cutting high weeds and bushes which 
are flung aside by means of the garavito, curved stick 
held in the left hand (see p. 23). The square cloth 
shawl, of jaspe blue cotton, thrown over the man’s 
shoulders, is similar to those used in ancient times 
(p. 48). Picture taken in March 1936. 
e, The Quezaltenango itinerant merchant is carrying a load 
of about 30 large cane baskets, as his mule walks 
alongside carrying a cargo of Momostenango blankets. 
Both will return loaded with Lowland products. 
f, The high cone in the left central background is Santa 
Maria volcano. The cloudlike white column just at 
the left base is from Santiaquito volcano, which erupts 
constantly (p. 6). The small cone behind the wooden 
telephone pole is Cerro Quemado. The other vol- 
canoes are Zunil and Santo Tomas, extreme right. 
March 1936. 
iJ 
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PLATE 4 
a, The netmaker is Serapio Marmol. The netting needle 
used here, said to be made of guiscoyul wood (corozo 
palm(?), see p. 145), is of hard, dark wood, thin and 
flat, 12 inches long by 34 of an inch wide. Near the 
point is a wide slot, over an inch long, with a 34-inch 
prong pointing as the needle does. This serves to 
hold the string. The net is knitted on to another 
%-inch flat stick, 8 inches long, held in the left hand. 
Netmaking is mostly men’s work, though not ex- 
clusively so. 
b, The man standing in the stream is leaning over examining 
the contents of his net. The hoop, of %4-inch vine, 
20 inches in diameter, supports a fine net of escobilla 
(sida rhombifolia?). (For a discussion of Lowland 
fishing, see p. 94.) 
c, The bearded Ladino who carries this load is a native of 
Samayac. He buys the tinware in Mazatenango and 
makes the rounds of numerous markets, from Santo 
Domingo to Santo Tomas la Unién and San Felipe; 
from Chicacao to Retalhuleu. 
d, The Atitlan vendor is at the left; the four Nahuala Bue 
are on the right (see p. 37). 
e, The Atitlan vendors seated in the shade of the pee ee 
tree in the foreground are selling small tomatoes from 
their native Santiago. Many of the 500 or more 
vendors in the Chicacao market are Atitecos. 
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY—PUBLICATION NO. 4 
PuatTeE 5 
a, The giant shade tree, with orchids clinging to its trunk, 
is a ceiba (p. 149). This is near the Mexican border 
at the north, where the climate is much drier than 
in ¢. 
b, The foreground is framed by treeferns. Beyond the 
artificial lake is a heavy growth of monsoon forest, 
which extends up the volcanq slopes for about 500 tn. 
This is at the southwestern base of Tajumulco volcano, 
near the Mexican border half mile south of El Rodeo 
(Depto. San Marcos, elevation about 900 m., or 2,950 
ft.). 
c, Most of the vegetation shown here is recent second growth, 
with treeferns and guarumo (Cecropia spp.; slender 
trunks in right foreground) dominant. This vegeta- 
tion is typical of uncultivated slopes in the moist 
western coffee belt. 
d, Large cement platforms (foreground) are especially con- 
structed for drying coffee, which is spread out after 
the pulp has been removed from the bean. Drier coffee 
is indicated in the photograph by lighter tones. 
e, The cutter, standing in the foreground, is holding the 
cutting tool, a pole about 10 feet long with a 6-inch 
blade at the end. The cutting edge is perpendicular 
to the pole. The cutter selects a plant with fruit well 
filled but completely green and hard, then fells it 
with one deft thrust just below the leaf bases, so 
skillfully that the “stem” (bunch) of bananas is in 
position for the awaiting Indian carrier to take it on 
his shoulders (see photograph). The stem is severed 
with one machete stroke, and the mozo walks off with 
- the heavy load. It is taken to a nearby fruit car. 
f, The checker, standing at the left in the photograph, 
punches a counting machine as the stems are put 
aboard the car and packed with banana leaves. He 
is a Jamaica Negro, as are nearly all the men who 
do this work, brought in especially for this purpose. 
PLATE 6 
Costumes for the northwest and southeast shore villages are 
not shown. For the San Pablo men’s dress (iull-cut 
white knee-length trousers and shirt and red sash), 
see plate 21, d; many Pablefios said they started wear- 
ing jaspe stripes about 1930; some have begun to 
dress in bliie denim, as at Totonicapan. San Marcos 
men wear costumes similar to those of San Pablo, 
For Santa Cruz and Tzununa men’s costumes, see plate 
27, e. The San Lucas men’s dress resembles that of 
Santa Catarina, except that the trouser cloth usually 
has heavier red stripes and geometric figures (includ- 
ing conventionalized animals, as at Santa Catarina, and 
also all made on the stick loom), and the shirts (over 
which blue coats are worn more often than, in Santa 
Catarina) are generally made of plain manufactured 
cloth. Before about 1915, they said, they were home- 
woven shirts matching the trousers. The’ San Lucas 
women’s huipils (of two pieces, with no red central 
strip like those of Santa Catarina) are of the same 
cloth as the men’s trousers, and skirts are of jaspe- 
pattern goods from the Quezaltenango region. The 
San Marcos huipil is white with vertical red stripes, 
