168 INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY—PUBLICATION NO. 4 
cacaste loads going aboard (see pp. 68, 101). (The 
smallest boat, with outboard motor, is the one in which 
I mapped the Lake in 1936.) The Lake level in 1932, 
when the photograph was taken, was about 5,065 feet, 
little above the minimum (5,062 ft.) which had been 
reached about 1920, after a steady drop of nearly 40 
feet since 1900 (5,099 ft.). This former level is 
still recalled by old residents of Lake villages, and is 
evident from recent reentrenchments of streams. The 
old Lakeshore trail is always just above this level 
at its lowest points. 
c, This is a close-up of the flooded channels seen in the 
foreground in a. They are viewed from the boathouse 
by Tzanjuyti. The water level was probably 30 feet 
lower than shown in the photograph (5,080 ft., August 
1936) when these former river channels were formed. 
The outline of Toliman—Atitlan volcanoes is faintly 
visible through the haze. 
d, The Lake level here is about 15 feet higher than it was 
just 4 years previously. This would submerge every- 
thing shown in b (foreground), even the largest boat, 
leaving only the tops of the willow trees out of the 
water. The tip of the tree shown in b is barely visible 
beyond the pier in this picture (see also Termer, 1936, 
pl. 29). Long-term periodic fluctuations of the water 
level are due apparently to shiftings in the lava rocks 
along the south shore of the Lake, opening and closing 
the subterranean outlets through which the Lake has 
its only drainage (see Appendix 1). 
PrLate 19 
a, This picture is made up of five overlapping photographs. 
The main part of the village is in the center of the 
picture, though dwellings are scattered widely over 
the delta. The ruins of the old Franciscan church are 
in the center; central square, left; market beyond. 
Vegetable gardens (tablénes) are visible in the fore- 
ground and to the right; shaded coffee groves to the 
left of and beyond the village center. The rocky, 
braided stream course appears at the left. Tzanjuyt 
and the former river mouth (pl. 18, @ and c) may be. 
seen at the extreme right of the shore. In the back- 
ground, across the Lake, are volcanoes Atitlan and 
Toliman (left) and San Pedro (right). (See maps 
20 and 23.) 
b, Banana plants, which grow so rapidly that they can afford 
effective shade within a few months, are used at first, 
until more permanent shade trees (here the gravilea 
or “silver oak,” behind the Indian) can become es- 
tablished. The coffee bush beside which the Indian is 
standing is about 4 feet high, and is covered with 
fragrant white flowers (April 1932). 
c, The jocote varieties, reading from right to left, are as 
follows: 1, Petapa (yellow to orange) ; 2, corona (red 
orange to red); 3, chicha (yellow orange); 4, 
pascua (red, lighter than corona); 5, tamalito (yel- 
low) ; 6, Rio Grande (yellow). The ruler besides the 
tocotes measures 14 inches. (See Appendix 2, table 
8, for fuller descriptions.) 
d, Wool is usually spun on a wheel (pls. 33 and 37) but 
sometimes is twisted with two hands as shown here, 
with the spindle stick dangling below, often serving 
little purpose other than to retain the thread. 
e, September 1933 was probably the rainiest month in the 
history of Guatemala. Water above this point ponded 
naturally in a depression, and when the ground hold- 
ing it gave way, the water tumbled down with de- 
structive force. Such gullies have occurred at vari- 
ous points along the north side of the Lake, notably 
at Tzununa, where a gully deposit blocked and 
diverted the main stream of the arroyo. The flood 
which destroyed Ciudad Vieja, first capital of Guate- 
mala, in 1541, was probably of this character. The 
story of the Lake in the crater of Agua volcano (hence, 
its name) is a myth (pl. 44, d). 
f, Foot of the gully shown in e. Scale is indicated by the 
man at the base. At left’is a small species of ceiba 
tree. 
PLatTe 20 
a, Tablones are often built up 20 inches or more above the 
base, of carefully worked, fertilized soil. Water is 
diverted through ditches surrounding the straight earth 
sides of the plots, and is tossed over the growing 
plants with shallow pans or gourds, as in c. Coffee 
‘bushes may be seen growing in the background, be- 
yond the cane fence. 
b, It may be seen from this picture that almost one-fifth of 
the garden area shown is planted to corn (see map 
23). Most tablénes are over 3 varas (nearly 9 ft.) 
wide, and vary in length. 
c, The tablénes shown here are all planted to onions, with 
cabbage scattered at wide intervals along the edges 
of the plots. 
d, These special hills for pepinos resemble the ones made 
for tomatoes at San Pedro la Laguna (see p. 141). 
For discussion of tablén culture at Panajachel, see 
pages 30-31. 
PLATE 21 
 * 
a, Jocotes, especially petapa, corona, and chicha varieties 
(pl. 19, c), are very prominent in this market during 
the height of their fruiting season, from September 
to January. The two large baskets just to the left 
of the center are filled with jocotes (mtco). The 
duller looking ones in the nearer basket are boiled. 
The small center basket contains unroasted coffee 
(“en oro”), while those to the right are filled with 
jocotes (petapa), tomatoes, and local manzana bananas 
(see table 2). Garlic in bunches braided together 
and small green onions occupy the right foreground. 
Solola women in left foreground, center background; 
Panimaché lime vendors, right rear. 
c, For a discussion of this tinaja trade, see page 80. A 
suyacal, or rain cape, is leaning against the pottery 
in the foreground. In the extreme right foreground 
is a San Pedro woman; Solola woman next to her; 
Argueta woman with child, standing in the back- 
ground. Beyond her is a cargo of pine chairs from 
Argueta, en route to Guatemala City. 
d, The three men in this picture are San Pablo Indians 
with loads of large ropes (sogas), going to the 
Patzim market. Note the bajareqne (wattle-and- 
daub) house at the right (see p. 43). 
