46 INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY—PUBLICATION NO. 5 
serve to defray these expenses—which are fre- 
quently heavy—imost Sicainos today are reluctant 
to act as prioste mayor. 
The fiesta calendar of Sicaya seems representa- 
tive of most Jauja Valley towns. At the present 
time 15 fiestas are held annually which have con- 
gregations, and of these 10 take place during the 
slack winter season after the harvest and before 
planting. The fiesta of the patron saint of 
Sicaya, Santo Domingo, is held on August 4, 
and is the principal feast day of the town. For 
this fiesta Sicainos return to Sicaya from all 
parts of Peru. Other important fiestas are San 
Sebastién (patron saint of the upper barrio) on 
January 20, Carnavales in February or March, 
Semana Santa in March or April, Santiago on 
July 20, Todos los Santos on November 1, Santa 
Barbara (patrona of the lower barrio) on December 
4, and Navidad on December 25. 
MUQUIYAUYO 
At the northern end of the Jauja Valley, some 
3 miles from the market town of Jauja, and 
across the Mantaro from it, Muquiyauyo is sit- 
uated on the broad, flat flood plain of the river. 
So low is the terrain, and so extensive the groves 
of eucalyptus trees which surround it, that the 
town is almost invisible from the left bank of 
the stream. Behind the community rise rocky, 
barren hills, their lower slopes cultivated with 
irregular patches of wheat and barley. Below, 
and surrounding the town on all sides, are exten- 
sive irrigated tracts planted with maize, potatoes, 
and wheat, which together form the principal 
crops of the region (pl. 14, 6). The stony fields 
are divided by dry-masonry walls and cactus 
hedges, and large mounds of stones, piled together 
when the land was cleared, dot the plain between 
the town and the present river bank. 
The appearance of the community is not strik- 
ingly different from that of other Jauja Valley 
towns, but there is a marked atmosphere of con- 
fidence and prosperity. The plaza is an at- 
tractive park with cement walks and benches, 
and is planted with flowers, shrubs, and trees. 
Around it are the principal public buildings, the 
new municipalidad—in which the police station 
is also located—the church, the normal school, 
a basketball court, the municipal mill, several 
stores, and a few houses. Off the plaza are the 
school for girls, the school for boys, and a post 
office. The main street, lined with shops and 
some two-story homes, passes through the plaza, 
dividing it into halves. A broad alameda, or 
avenue, shaded by quinual trees, leads from the 
town to the walled cemetery. Most streets are 
narrow and unpaved, though well kept, and 
down most of them flow open acequias, or irriga- 
tion ditches, for the town is abundantly supplied 
with river water provided by two principal 
channels. Not only is the community furnished 
with telegraph service, electric light, and power 
for the municipal mill, but the Muquiyauyo 
Electric Co. supplies current to the far larger 
town of Jauja and to other smaller towns and 
villages. 
The houses, of adobe brick or puddled adobe 
with tiled roofs, resemble in general those described 
above for Sicaya (pl. 14, a). Some of the newer 
houses, as in the town of Paca (pl. 14, ¢, d), have 
elaborate plaster door and window frames and 
cornices, and wooden balconies off the second 
stories, but such houses are exceptional. Most 
homes are adjoined by walled kitchen gardens, 
and many patios are planted with flowers and trees. 
Owing to poor roads, motor vehicles come to 
Muquiyauyo but rarely, and these are usually 
trucks which have come from Jauja for the purpose 
of hauling eucalyptus wood and timbers. Most 
travel is, therefore, by foot and most goods are 
transported on burros. One road extends north 
to Huaripampa, where a bridge crosses the river 
at Jaujatambo, the railway station for Jauja. 
Other roads connect Muquiyauyo with its annexes 
of Muqui and Los Andes, and with other towns 
to the south and southwest. <A ferry-boat service 
operates on the river, serving the District of 
Muquiyauyo and that of Ataura on the left bank. 
Muquiyauyo, including the annexes of Muqui 
and Los Andes, has a population of 3,144 inhabit- 
ants (Extracto Estadistico del Pert, 1940, p. 34). 
As in tbe case of Huancayo and Sicaya, the 
Mestizo-White and Indian segments are stated in 
the census to be approximately equal in numbers 
(ibid., pp. 33-34). To us, however, the popula- 
tion appeared to be quite uniform, and the way of 
life to be clearly Mestizo; as a school teacher of 
the town stated, ‘Here in Muquiyauyo we are all 
campesinos (country people); before there were 
Whites and Indians, but now we are all sons of the 
locality, sons of the town.” 
Although there is little in the physical appear- 
ance of Muquiyauyo which is markedly outstand- 
ing, the progressive spirit and distinctive organiza- 
