in hoo Andalucian Sierras. 461 



since many of the Spanish ''residents^' are little known in 

 collections. Species of which examples were obtained are 

 marked with an asterisk * ; these have kindly been identified 

 by Mr. H. F. Witherby. to whom, as well as to Mr. Abel 

 Chapman, the writer's best thanks are due for help in the 

 preparation of this paper. 



Altitudes are " above sea-level '' and approximate ; the 

 majority were taken with a pocket aneroid. 



CoRvus coRAx. Raven. 



Sa7i Cristobal. — We were rather surprised not to meet 

 with the Raven at all in San Cristobal, since the species was 

 plentiful in the foothills and lowlands. 



Sierra Nevada. — One or two Ravens were seen on the 

 wing at 4500 ft., but none higher. 



Garrulus glaxdarius. Jay. 



San Cristobal. — The Jay was met with in the lower pin- 

 sapo region, where those trees were interspersed with ilex, 

 but the bird was much more plentiful in the cork woods of 

 the foothills. 



■^PVRRHOCORAX PYRRHOCORAX (L.), nCC aUCt. ChoUgh. 



San Cristobal. — The Red-billed Chough was plentiful and 

 breeding in suitable precipitous crags from the base of the 

 mountain up to 4000 ft. Nuptial flights, the birds shooting 

 downwards at a prodigious pace with wings almost closed, 

 were being carried out during the last week of March, while 

 a month later, nests in inaccessible holes and crevices pro- 

 bably contained fresh eggs, judging from the frequent noisy 

 coming and going of the owners without food or nesting 

 materials. 



Sierra Nevada. — Here again the Red-billed Chough was 

 the only kind observed. Flocks occurred up to quite 7000 ft., 

 and may very likely have had a home at that altitude in 

 the Genii valley, but the only nesting-colonies seen were 

 considerably lower dow n in the precipices at the embouchure 

 of the Monachil. 



