THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 337 
Seal-lance: 
Long head; diamond point; common shank and socket. Manufactured by James 
Barton for the New London sealers. New. Length, 323 inches. 
Seal-lance: 
A lance with a short shank, which may be used in killing seal or sea-elephant or 
walrus. Socket with an extended sleeve. Length, 283 inches. 
Seal-lance: 
A lance for killing seal, sea-elephant, or walrus. Spoon-shaped head and extended 
sleeve or socket. Used by New Bedford sealers. Length, 24 inches. 
Grappling-iron: 
Used to catch the line thrown around the whale, also to anchor the boat to ice. 
Boat-spade: 
Used to cut hole in flukes where the line is made fast by which the whale is towed 
to the ship. 
Cutting-spade: For cutting blubber from whale into pieces to mince. 
Head-spade: Used to disjoint the head. 
Throat-spade: Used to cut the throat off. 
Boarding-knife: For boring hole in blubber and to make it fast for hoisting on ship. 
Mineing-knife: Used in mincing blubber to try out. 
Pike: Used to pitch the blubber. 
Gaff: For hauling the blubber. 
Blubber-hook: Used to hoist blubber on deck. 
APPLIANCES FOR STRIKING. 
Sword-fish harpoon; sword-fish lance; eel spears. 
Sword-fish fisherman: 
Plaster cast of a sword-fish fisherman in typical clothing—that is, a coarse outing 
shirt unbuttoned about the neck, one sleeve rolled up part of the way to the elbow, 
with sou’ wester on head and loose pants carelessly tucked about the top of his sea 
boots. He stands in the pulpit near the end of the bowsprit holding the pole of a 
sword-fish-harpoon in his hand as if in the act of striking a fish. The method of 
catching sword-fish, as practiced on the New England coast, is to steer the vessel 
* directly for the fish, the presence of which is made known by the appearance of its 
tail and dorsal fin above the water’s surface. When the man at the bowsprit is 
directly over the fish, which generally happens before the latter is frightened by the 
approaching vessel, the harpoon is thrown, and as the craft sails along the harpoon 
line is reeled out and finally let go, having a buoy at its end. Later the buoy is 
recovered and the fish killed and taken on board. 
APPLIANCES USED IN THE TURTLE FISHERY, FLORIDA. 
Turtle-spear: 
The spear is attached to a pole 12 to 16 feet long, and is thrown into the back of 
the turtle, the fisherman being ina boat. The turtle is drawn in and secured by 
means o/ a line attached to the spear. By this method the turtle is badly injured, 
and often dies from the effects of the spear wound, and can not be shipped long 
distances. 
Turtle-pegs: 
A small pointed piece of steel or brass, called a peg, is loosely fitted into a brass 
socket at the end of a 16-foot pole. Some pegs are 4+sided and others are rounded 
like the plug of a boy’s top. A marline line is attached to the peg and runs to the 
hand of the fisherman. The peg is wedged into the socket by means of a bit of cotton 
cloth. When a turtle is seen in water up to 20 feet deep, the pole is hurled at it and 
the peg enters the back shell, and holds fast; the pole becomes detached and is sub- 
sequently picked up, and the turtle is hauled in by means of the line. The peg 
enters the shell one-half to 1 inch, and holds very securely, so that great force is 
sometimes necessary in order to extract it. The turtle is not seriously injured and is 
available for distant shipment alive, the slight bleeding being controlled by a pledget 
of tobacco. Many tortoise-shell turtles, as well as green and loggerhead turtles, are 
taken in this way about the Florida keys and reefs. 
F. C. 1901——22 
