THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 351 
MussEL FISHERY AND PEARL-BUTTON INDUSTRY OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
Pearl-bearing fresh-water mussels from Mississippi River: 
Five valves ‘‘nigger head’’ (Quadrula ebena). 
One valve ‘‘blue-point’’ (Quadrula undulata). 
Four valves ‘‘ yellow sand-shell’’ or ‘‘ yellow back’’ (Lampsilis anodontoides). 
Four valves ‘‘ black sand-shell”’ (Lampsilis rectus). 
Four valves ‘‘slough sand-shell”’ (Lampsilis fallaciosus). 
Four valves ‘‘mucket’”’ or ‘‘mouket’’ (Lampsilis ligamentinus ). 
Two valves ‘‘pocketbook”’ (Lampsilis capax). 
One valve ‘‘pocketbook”’ (Lampsilis ventricosus). 
Four valves ‘‘deerhorn”’ or ‘‘buckhorn”’ ( Tritigonia tuberculata) . 
Four valves ‘“‘butterfly’’ (Plagiola securis). 
Two valves ‘‘hatchet back”’ or ‘‘hackle back’? (Symphynota complanata) . 
Four valves ‘‘warty back’? (Quadrula pustulosa). 
Five valves mussel shells, distorted. Six valves mussel shells, injured. 
Manufacture of buttons: 
Eight valves, shells from which blanks have been cut. 
Nine valves, shells with blanks only partly cut through. 
Two lots rough blanks. One lot ground blanks. 
One lot faced blanks. One lot shaped blanks. 
One lot buttons, with eyes drilled. One lot completely polished buttons. 
Twenty-four cards buttons, mounted. 
Photographs illustrating button manufacturing: 
Factory at Muscatine, Iowa. Sawing the rough blanks. 
Saws and saw holders. Grinding the blanks. 
Drilling the eyes. Sorting and sewing the buttons on cards. 
Photographs illustrating apparatus and methods of fishing for fresh-water mussels: 
Crowfoot dredge or grapple, showing mussels attached to the hooks. 
Tongs and rake. 
Steam dredging boat especially constructed for fishery. 
Scow, with dredge and windlass. 
Fishing through the ice with tongs and rakes (3 views). 
Handling the shells on shore. 
Loading the shells on scows at fishing camps for shipment to factories (3 views). 
Propucts OF THE FISHERIES.—FLORIDA SPONGES. 
[John K,. Cheney, Tarpon Springs, Fla.] 
Ten velvet and wire, natural. Nine wool, gulf, natural. 
Four velvet, bleached. Thirteen wool, bleached. 
Eight glove, natural. Eleven grass, keys, natural. 
Eight glove, bleached. Eight grass, gulf, natural. 
Nine yellow, keys, natural. Twelve grass, bleached. 
Ten yellow, gulf, natural. Seven assorted, bleached. 
Five yellow, bleached. Twelve assorted (large), natural. 
Seventeen wool, keys, natural. 
