COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 409 
when they sink down until only the head is visible, and pushing the 
right hand under the rocks, drive the opai into the basket, which is so 
manipulated as to partly envelop one side of the stone. The mouth 
of the basket is closed by drawing the sides together and holding them 
in this position. The opai are then transferred to a gourd floating 
alongside, which the fisherwoman keeps from drifting away by a rope 
tied around her neck and attached to it. The women are expert in 
this method of fishing and rarely fail to make good catches. 
The hinai hooluuluu is used in hinalea fishing, and is a small basket 
made from the vines of the awikiwiki, a Convolvulus. After a light 
framework of twigs has been first tied together, the vines, twigs and 
all, are wound in and out, round and round, until of the requisite size, 
3 or4 feet in circumference and about 14 feet deep. Opai pounded 
and inclosed in cocoanut fiber is occasionally placed at the bottom of 
the basket for bait, but usually the scent of the bruised and withering 
leaves seems to be sufficient. Women always attend to this kind of 
fishing. They wade out to suitable places, generally small sandy open- 
ings in coral ground or reef, and let the baskets down, suitably weighted 
to keep them in position, the weights attached in such a way as to be 
easily detached. Each woman then moves away from her basket to 
some distance, but from where she can watch the fish enter the basket. 
When all the fish that are in sight have entered, they take the basket 
up and, transferring the fish to a large small-mouthed gourd, move the 
basket to afresh place. Fishing in this way can only be carried on on 
a calm, sunny day and at low tide. 
Baskets made from the awikiwiki must be renewed from day to day. 
Some are made from the ieie vine, while still others have been made 
from the weeping willow since its introduction some years ago. These 
latter can be used over and over again. 
Sometimes these baskets are placed in fairly deep water, where 
stones are piled around them to keep them in position. For bait the 
wana (sea eg@), with the shell broken to expose the meat, is put in it. 
The basket is left for a day or two before being taken up. 
The hinai uiui is used when fishing tor the uiui (Platophrys panthe- 
rinus), &@ small flat-fish, said to make its appearance at intervals of from 
ten, fifteen, to twenty vears. Its appearance is taken by fishermen and 
the people in general as a sure precursor of the death of a very high 
chief. The basket is shallow, of about the same size as the hinai 
hooluuluu, but wider-mouthed. The following is a description of the 
methods of fishing followed on the last appearance of this fish: * 
At the last appearance of the uiui the imported marketing baskets were generally 
used by those who could not obtain the old-fashioned kind, as any old cast-away 
basket would do, with a little patching, occupying perhaps five minutes, and two 
sticks bent over the mouth or opening from side to side, and at right angles to each 
* Hawaiian Fisheries and Methods of Fishing, with an Account of the Fishing Implements used 
by the Natives ef the Hawaiian Islands. By Mrs. Emma Metcalf Beckley. 
