COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 425 
the shark, and gave the chief an opportunity to kill anyone whom he 
disliked. The victim was cut up and left to decompose for two or three 
days in a receptacle. Kamehameha I was a great shark-hunter and 
kept his victims penned up near the great heiau (temple) of Mookini, 
near Kawaihae, Hawaii. 
NEW FORMS OF APPARATUS PROPOSED. 
It is probable that the beam trawl could be used to advantage in the 
deeper waters around the islands. This apparatus, which is an immense 
bag, with wide flaring mouth, the bag running to a point at the end, 
could be worked from the deck of a sail or steam vessel. In working 
it long cables are attached to the sides of the mouth, and the trawl 
dropped overboard while the vessel is in motion. The trawl sinks to 
the bottom, and as the vessel moves forward it is drawn along the 
bottom and scoops up everything in its path. When it has been down 
a sufficient length of time the vessel is brought up into the wind, the 
trawl raised to the deck, where it is emptied, and then dropped over- 
board for another trial. Sharks are very destructive to nets used in 
the deeper waters, and also eat the fish out of them; but with the 
beam trawl it would be impossible for them to do any harm. 
Pound nets made of fine wire could be used to advantage on the lee- 
ward side of the islands and in the bays. Netting could not be used, 
as the sharks and larger fishes would tear it to shreds while struggling 
to get in or out. 
Fyke or hoop nets would probably prove profitable in the bays and 
rivers. ‘They could be set and left without further attention until it 
was convenient for the fisherman to raise them. 
BAIT. 
Catching of bait.—The natives generally use live bait in the line 
fisheries, and their method of catching it is rather interesting. In 
the morning a medium-length fine-mesh seine is loaded in the canoe 
or canoes, cach containing two or three men, Those in the canoe 
paddle along about 40 or 50 feet from the shore. One man is left on 
the land, and he runs along the rough, rocky shore with a small pail 
of dried opai. Every little while he takes out a few of these, and 
chewing them in his mouth a few moments spits them into his hand 
and then throws them on to the surface of the water, a short distance 
from the shore. If no fish rise to the bait thrown out, it is quite 
certain none is there, and he runs on a little farther and repeats the 
operation. When fish rise to the surface and nibble at the bait he 
signals to the canoemen, who immediately paddle in close to the spot, 
and all but one, who is left in the boat to maneuver it, drop overboard 
with the seine and sweep it around the spot, inclosing the fish. 
