NOTES ON FISHING METHODS OF THE SOUTH SEAS. T99 
When hand lines are used, either in trolling or for bottom fish, they 
are hauled over the forks of the outside braces. The sketch shows these 
and also the arrangement of frame, braces, and other parts referred to. 
It will be noticed that the mast is not stepped in the bottom of the 
canoe, but on top of the middle crosspiece of outrigger frame. The 
step consists of a thick piece of board, 3 by 4 inches, hollowed out in 
the center in which the foot of the mast is placed. In the bow and 
stern there is another step, half the size of the former, against which 
the tack end of the boom is placed. We could not learn whether 
cotton or mat sails are used. In addition to the shrouds and stays 
which keep the mast in place there is a heavy wooden support, the 
lower end fastened out-board to the middle crosspiece, the upper end 
halfway up the mast. 
Sketch of Canoe showing Style of Planking, Apamama. 
This canoe is planked in a peculiar manner. Instead of the ends of 
the planking being fitted to the stem and stern post, as is ordinarily 
the case, the garboard strake continued along the keel and up the stem 
and stern. ‘The second strake follows in the same way, and so on, each 
succeeding row of planking being shorter than the one preceding it. 
The canoe proper does not compare in strength with the outrigger 
frame, mast, braces, etc. The plank is only one-half inch thick, and 
is considerably weakened by the numerous holes in the edge, through 
Apamama Canoe Paddle. 
which the seizings are put in binding the plank together. A canoe of 
this build is not equal to the dugout for landing through the surf on 
a rough beach. This was clearly illustrated by the number of broken 
