ADMINISTRATIVE BEPOBT 13 



The writer's views, formulated after careful consideration of the 

 various phases of the subject presented, considering more especially the 

 North American evidence, are expressed in the following summary 

 of probabilities: 



(1) That the human family is monogenetic; that is to say, the 

 present su braces have been derived by differentiation fnmi a common 

 stock. 



(2) That the precursor — that is to say, man before he reached the 

 human status — occupied a limited area. 



(3) That this area was tropical or subtropical and was situated in 

 the Old World rather than in the New. 



(4) That multiplication of numbers led to wide distribution, and 

 that isolation on distinct land areas finally led to the differentiation 

 of the subraces. 



(5) That the separation into distinct groups began at an early 

 period, but not until after the typical human characters had been 

 developed . 



(6) That the human characters were acquired in Tertiary time, 

 and that dissemination extended to distant continents, mainly in 

 Quaternary time. 



(7) That the pioneers of llie present American race belonged to 

 the well-differentiated Asiatic subrace and that they reached America 

 by way of Bering Strait. 



(8) That the early migrations included few individuals and occurred 

 at widely separated periods; that the movements were slow and by 

 means of the ice bridge in whiter or by skin boats m summer. 



(9) That the culture of the immigrants in all cases was very primi- 

 tive, not rising above the hunter-fisher stage. 



(10) That successive migrations involved numerous distinct 

 groups or tribes, so that the American race is a composite of diversified 

 Asiatic elements more or less completely amalgamated. 



(11) That the result was a new people and a new culture, essentially 

 American. 



(12) That the Eskimo — forming a widely distributed ethnic group 

 occupying the northern shores of both continents — acquired their 

 physical characteristics and peculiar culture under the influence of 

 Arctic conditions, and that they are th(> descendants of marginal 

 tribes early foi'ccd to the northward from southern J^urasian sources 

 of population. 



(13) That occasional accessions of population may have resulted 

 from the accidental arrival of voyagers from other lands, though not 

 in numbers large enough to affect the race perceptibly. 



(14) That in the present period prior to the Columbian discovery 

 occasional voyagers from southern Asiatic culture centers or from 

 Japan or China may have reached American shores and left an 

 impress on the culture of middle America. 



