STEVENSON] CEREMONIAL USES OF PLANTS 93 



and by tlic pa'moso'nohla (female scalp custodian) and her deput}", 

 in the scalp ceremony. These wands denote officership.' 



Helianthusannuush. Sunflower. Cakduace^. Thistle family. 



O'matsapa, 'on tip of stem.' This is the name for sunflower, 



which Is symbolized b}' a cluster of yellow feathers supposed 



to be from the parrot, but more frequently from other birds 



and dyed in imitation of parrot feathers. Each personator 



of the Uwannami (rain makers) wears the symbol of the 



sunflower attached to the forelock. A mask covei-s the 



face. 



The blossoms are gathered by men selected by the director of a 



chamber for anthropic woi-ship. They remove the flowere from the 



stems, with fingers spread, directly into sacks, which they carry at 



sunset to women chosen to grind them. The women loosen the rays 



from the ilower-head and, combining them with blossoms otha'tsoliko, 



'leaf mouse' {Psihsfrophe tagetina), pulverize them in the famih* mills 



without ceremony. 



"The Coinicil of the Gods = desire that these flowers shall be 

 ground after the Sun Father has gone to his house and the wmds 

 have ceased to move." 



Junipenis monosperma (Engelm.) Sargent. • Cedar. Juni- 



PEK.\CE^. Juniper family. 

 Ho' mane. 

 Cedar is a favorite fii-ewood with the Zufii, but its most important 

 place is in the ceremonies. The fibrous bark, shredded, is used as 

 tinder to ignite the sparks from the fire sticks employed for making 

 the New Year fire, and at other tunes firebrands are made of the bark 

 and carried by pei-sonators of certain gods, the most conspicuous 

 being ShuTaawitsi, deputy to the Sun Father. 



Leucelene er-icoidfs (Torr.) Greene. Cakduace-e. Thistle family. 

 V'mokla'nalcm, 'suds making' (u'molcla, suds; nakla, making). 

 The plant is employed ceremonially to symbolize clouds. The 

 powdered root is deposited m a ceremonial vessel with water, and 

 the mixture is whipped with a slender reed untU suds rise high above 

 the rim of the bowl. These "cloud-suds" are prepared by the ram 

 priests during their sunmier retreat.^ 



Lithospermum Unearifolium. Goldic. Puccoon. Boraginace.e. 

 Borage family. 



' Sec B3d A nn. Rep. But. Amer. Ethn., p. 578. 

 ! Ibid., p. 33. 

 » Ibid., p. 175. . 



