14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOliY 



Ildefonso have as extensive a pharmacopoeia as the Zuni 

 theurgists. The belief of the Tewa in witchcraft is intense, 

 and is a source of great anxiety among them. Accused 

 wizards or witches are tried by the war chief. 



Many of the San Ildefonso ceremonies associated with an- 

 thropic worship are identical with those of Taos, while others 

 are the same as those observed by the Zuni, although neither 

 the ritual nor the paraphernalia is so elaborate. Some of 

 the songs used in connection with the dances at San Ilde- 

 fonso are in the Zuni tongue. It is to be hoped that further 

 comparative study among these people will reveal to what 

 extent the ceremonies have been borrowed, like that of the 

 Koh'-kok-shi of the Zuni, which is asserted to have been in- 

 troduced by way of Santo Domingo generations ago by a 

 Laguna Indian who had visited Zuni. 



Mrs. Stevenson devoted much attention to a study of Tewa 

 games, finding that those regarded as of the greatest im- 

 portance to the Zuni in bringing rain have been abandoned 

 by the San Ildefonso people. The foot race of the latter is 

 identical with that of Taos, and is performed annually after 

 the planting season. As complete a collection and study of 

 the Tewa medicinal plants were made as time permitted. 



The material culture of the Tewa also received special at- 

 tention. Weaving is not an industry at San Ildefonso, the 

 only weaver in the tribe being a man who learned at Laguna 

 to make women's belts. Basketry of various forms is made 

 of willow. The San Ildefonso people, like other Pueblos, 

 have deteriorated in the ceramic art, and they have now 

 little or no understanding of the symbols employed in pot- 

 tery, except the common form of cloud and rain. Their 

 method of irrigation is the same as that observed by the 

 neighboring Mexicans, who, having acquired extensive tracts 

 of land from the San Ildefonso land grant, work with the 

 Indians on the irrigating ditches for mutual benefit. The 

 •San Ildefonso people raise a few cattle and horses, but no 

 sheep. Much of their land is owned in severalty, and their 

 chief products are corn, wheat, and alfalfa. The women 

 raise melons, squashes, and chile. 



