408 TSIMSHIAN MYTHOLOGY [eth. ass. 81 



cither for transporting very heavy loads or for a seat for a person to 

 be carried along in ceremonial style (184). Travelers taken along in 

 a canoe he down in the middle of the canoe to sleep, and cover their 

 faces with their mats (167, 177, 194, 208). 



Dangers of canoe travel and of sea hunting are described in several 

 places. On the trip to Nass Eiver, strong head winds are often 

 encountered, which keep the people on shore and sometimes cause 

 privations (172). Sometimes the north wind is blowing so hard that 

 it is difficult to round some of the projecting points of land near Port 

 Simpson. Then the people have to stay on the south side, waiting 

 for the wind to calm down (2991. Fog at sea is considered very 

 dangerous (289). Sometimes there is also mentioned a mountain of 

 foam caused by supernatural beings (289) . Whirlpools which swall< »w 

 canoes (291) are also much feared (see also p. 461). Sea-lion and sea- 

 otter hunters who visit the outlying rocks may be swamped by the 

 waves breaking over the islands (1.127). At one place (267) we hear 

 of a woman who travels by canoe and is sent adrift in a southwesterly 

 gale. Killer whales will attack canoes and break them (1.141). 



Traveling on Foot. — Long trips on foot were considered great hard- 

 ships. Raven (97) is tired out by walking. A girl who escapes from 

 a village destroyed by fire is starving; her garments are completely 

 worn out, and, when she finally reaches a funeral pyre, she sits down 

 exhausted (266). 



Camps. — Permanent and temporary camps may be distinguished. 

 The former were used during the hunting and fishing season; the 

 latter, while traveling. On Nass River each tribe has its own camp- 

 ing-place (301). People who fish for humpback salmon camp on the 

 small salmon brooks (88). The Ilaida have camps during the hali- 

 but-fishing season (254). Hunters have their camps, consisting of 

 small huts, on their hunting-grounds. It would seem that some of 

 their huts were permanent (239). After a famine, the survivors put 

 up their permanent camp on a brook (158, 252) or in sheds on the 

 village site (N 185). A man who elopes with a girl takes her to Ms 

 permanent camp (340). 



Travelers and people who move about hunting put up temporary 

 camps at night, preferably under large spruce trees (97, 166, 261). 

 A sea hunter's camp is referred to on 135. A traveler sacrifices every 

 night in camp, in order to secure success (164). Canoe travelers 

 camp in the evening (268, 270), and let a girl keep watch while they 

 sleep (257). Travelers who come to visit a town land near by, turn 

 their canoe upside, down, and camp before showing themselves (235). 

 People on their way to Nass River camp and build little sheds (172). 



A person who happens to fall in with travelers asks for permission 

 to stay in their camp (95, 1.121). Traveling girls stop at a hunter's 

 camp (153). 



