44 Mr. H. J. Carter on the close Relationship of 



TruncatuUna refulgetis, Montfort. Hare. 



tuberosa, Fichtel & Moll. Common — the form named by 



D'Orbignj Tr. variabilis, of which Soldani gives no less than 



284 figures in the ' Testaceographia/ the better to illustrate its 



wonderful range of variation, 

 Pulvinidina concentrica, Parker & Jones. Rare. 



vermiculata, D'Orbigny. Very commou. 



jRotalia Beccarii, Linne. Common, specimens large. 



Tinoporus Icevis, Parker & Jones. Rare. 



Polytrema miniaceum, Linne. Common, some of the specimens 



growing on NubeeularicB. 

 Nonionina asterizans, Pichtel & Moll. Rare. 



depressula, Walker & Jacob. Rare. 



Polystomella crispa, Linne. Common. 



IV. — On the close Relatlonshii) of Hydractinia, Parkeria, 

 and Strom atopora ; with Descriptions of new Species of the 

 former^ both Recent and Fossil. By H. J. CarteRj F.R.S. 

 &c. 



[Plate VIIL] 



In limine, it may be observed that an intimate knowledge of 

 the structure of the skeleton of Hydractinia is absolutely 

 necessary to trace the chain of resemblances that exists 

 between it and Stromatopora through Parheria, not less a 

 perusal of the facts as they are consecutively given in this 

 contribution, and, jf possible, the presence of the objects them- 

 selves. 



Having had to study carefully the horny chitinous skeleton, 

 which is the most imperishable part of the Hydractiniida^, in 

 order to write and illustrate a paper on several recent species 

 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, vol. xi. p. 1, pi. i.), I am 

 not the less able to see the resemblance that exists between 

 them and those of bygone ages whose skeletons alone are 

 handed down to us in a lapidified state ; and hence it was 

 announced that Parkeria had been inferred to be one of these 

 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, vol xviii. p. 187). I was 

 not aware then that species of Stromatopjora, even as far back 

 as the Devonian and Silurian systems respectively, would 

 have to fall into the same category ; so what I have to state of 

 these will appear in the sequel. 



All who have studied Parkeria must be aware that it has 

 been well described and illustrated by Dr. Carpenter (Phil. 

 Trans. 1870, vol. 159. pt. 2, p. 721, pis.' 72-76) ; next to which 

 follows Loftusia^ equally well described and illustrated by Mr. 

 H. B. Brady {ibid. pis. 77-80). 



