found in and about Tubipora musica. 215 



nothing is to be learnt beyond this from their commencement 

 to predict what their ultimate forms respectively may be. 

 That mystery of mysterious powers which presides over the 

 future development, as well as the form of that development it- 

 self, is equally hidden from us in the ovum of all living beings — 

 the latter until it makes its appearance, and the former probably 

 for ever. 



Hence all is unity in the beginning ; and when it is consi- 

 dered tliat it would take 75 years 10 months and 10 days to 

 ring the changes upon twelve bells or twelve varieties of the 

 the unit, at the rate of 10 changes per minute, it does not seem 

 strange that there should be so many varieties of living beings 

 on the face of the earth — visual and auricular impressions con- 

 sidered correlatively. 



The interior of the specimen of 'Tulipora musica was also 

 found to contain a great number of loose Foraminifera, con- 

 sisting of: — 



Galcarina 8'pengleri^ G. hispida^ and G. calcar. 



Tinoporus baculatus, De Montfort, and T. vesi'cularisj Car- 

 penter, varieties hemijyhoiricus and sphceroidalis. 



Valvulina (clavuline varieties) , Ghiton-like, vermicular, and 

 Textularian. 



OrbitoIiteSj Peneroplisj Orhiculina adunca^ Heterosteginay 

 and Dactylopora. 



The specimens of Tinoporus vesicularis are hemispherical 

 and spheroidal respectively, depending upon their growing 

 from a fixed or a free point : if from the former, they are ses- 

 sile and hemispherical (fig. 19) ; if from the latter, free and 

 spheroidal (fig. 18) — with a radiated structure in each instance, 

 composed of conical columns of chambers (fig. 20), which 

 chambers, being alternate in adjoining columns, the circumfe- 

 rential chamber of one of the columns is only half-developed 

 (fig. 20, d, and 21, e), whereby the surface of the Tinoporus 

 presents a pitted appearance, which, as the structure is very 

 much like that of Polytrema miniaceum, might be taken for 

 apertures of a canal-system; but a short examination will show 

 that they only extend down to the next foraminated plate (fig. 

 21, e), and that Tinoporus vesicularis has no pseudopodial 

 canal-system like that of Polytrema miniaceum^ but is depen- 

 dent entirely upon the foraminated plates of its chambers 

 (fig. 21, c) for communication between the centre and the cir- 

 cumference, or the interior and the exterior. 



Why Dr. Carpenter should have adopted De Montfort's name 

 of Tinoporus for this genus, when he states (Introd. p. 223) 

 that De Montfort considered T. haculatus as a variety of "iVai<- 



