Oeological Society. 263 



Sandstone age, and mention the following localities in Scotland in 

 which such remains have recently been discovered by them : — 

 1. Buchanan-Castle Quarry, near Drymen ; 2, Old Quarry, at small 

 reservoir at Kilmahew ; 3. Green IJurn, Keltic Water ; 4. Keltic 

 Water, above Chapelrock ; 5. Keltic Water, below Brackland Linns ; 

 6. Quarry at Karnes Farm, near Callander ; 7. Quarry at Easterhill, 

 near Gartmore ; 8. Quarry in Cameron plantation, near Alexandria ; 

 9. Turnpike road at Overballoch, Loch Lomond ; and the localities 

 from which the specimens noticed in this paper were obtained, 

 namely a quarry 2k miles from Eracndam House, and the south- 

 west corner of Muir plantation, near Callander. The plant-remains 

 are described as being of a very fragmentary nature, and as occur- 

 ring in the two last-named localities in a deposit consisting of 

 greenish-grey flags and thin-bedded sandstones about 500 feet in 

 thickness, the best specimers being in the sandstone. They present 

 the apxjcarance of elongated flattened stems, about 1 inch wide on the 

 average, sometimes represented only by casts, sometimes by black 

 carbonaceous films. They are ornamented with a series of pucker- 

 like depressions when seen from the interior, or with a number of 

 wart-like eminences when viewed externally. The latter are the 

 scars of the points of issue of the vascular bundles passing to the 

 leaves. Along the margins are seen spines or thorn-like projections, 

 which may be the leaves or their bases; these are apparently 

 arranged in spiral rows. Some stems appear to show dichotomous 

 branching. The authors discuss the relationships of these remains 

 with other described Devonian forms, and regard them as most 

 nearly allied to PsiJophyion princeps^ Dawson. They describe the 

 plant with doubt as a species of Psilophyton. 



" On an adherent Form of Prodnctiis and a small Spiriferina 

 from the Lower Carboniferous Limestone Group of the East of 

 Scotland." By E. Etheridge, Jun., Esq., E.G.S. 



The author commenced by summarizing the different views that 

 have been expressed by writers as to the mode of life of the Pro- 

 diicti, and the function to be ascribed to the spines with which their 

 shells are furnished, in order to show the uncertainty that prevails 

 upon these points. He then described specimens of a small Pro- 

 ductus found attached to encrinite stems and fragments of Polyzoa, 

 in the shale over the No. 2 Limestone of the Lower Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone group, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Dunbar. 

 The shells are attached by having some of the spines of the ventral 

 valve wound tightly round the bodies to which they adhere, some- 

 times singly, sometimes in clusters, the number of spines implicated 

 in the adhesion varying from two to seven or more. The attach- 

 ment took place during the life of the Crinoid, as evinced by the 

 subsequent growth of the latter, leading in many cases to the more 

 or less complete imbedding of the Productus. From the considera- 

 tion of the characters presented by the more mature valves, the 

 author stated that the nearest aflinity of this species of Productus 

 appears to be with P. Wriyhtii, Dav., but that it shows peculiarities 



