1921] Boving: Larvae and Pupae of Social Beetles 205 



bracons, Hopkins) (2 Plate VII, figs. 6, 8, Plate VIII, fig. 16) 

 connecting hypopharyngeal chitinization with that region of 

 epicranium which carries fossa for mandibular condyle; hori- 

 zontal, transverse, imbedded in buccal membrane between 

 mandible and dorsal side of maxillary stipes. Third pair of 

 rods {3 Plate VII, figs. 6, 8, Plate VIII, fig. 16) situated im- 

 mediately in front of and parallel with anterior margin of hypo- 

 pharyngeal chitinization ; horizontal, converging anteriorly, meet- 

 ing in middle line. Fourth pair (.4 Plate VII, figs. 6, 8, Plate VIII, 

 fig. 16) supporting and externally limiting the maxillular areas, 

 vanishing distally near glossa (= buccal surface of ligula) {glos. 

 Fig. 16) ; horizontal, longitudinal and parallel. Fifth pair (5 

 Plate VII, figs. 6, 8, Plate VIII, fig. 16) forming a posterior 

 prolongation of fourth pair of rods, imbedded in sides of 

 oesophagus; horizontal, longitudinal and parallel; proximally, 

 near hypopharyngeal chitinization, with fossa for accessory 

 mandibular condyle (/os. a. c. m. Plate VIII, fig. 16), distally 

 gradually vanishing.* Maxillular areas (sensu H. T. Hansen, = 

 superlingua Folsom) (mxl Plate VIII, fig. 16) fleshy, ovate, an- 

 teriorly fused together, posteriorly well separated, limited ex- 

 ternally by fourth and internally by third pair of rods; along 

 third pair with a series of well developed, closely set setae. Glossa 

 (:= buccal surface of ligula-lingua, Schiodte) {glos. Plate VIII, 

 fig. 16) unpaired, fleshy, in front of maxillular area, laterally sup- 

 ported and limited by a pair of longitudinal, horizontal, chitinous 

 rods {stp. li. Plate VIII, fig. 16) ; similar to the fourth hypo- 

 pharyngeal pair. Epipharynx (Plate VIII, fig. 11) consisting of 

 anterior and posterior part. Anterior part a direct ventral con- 

 tinuation of labrum ; soft, membranous, medially on the hind 

 margin with a small triangular asperity, which fits in between the 

 scissorial parts of the closed mandibles; well developed tendons 

 (t Plate VIII, fig. 11) extending from each back-corner; some 

 long setse. Posterior part of epipharynx slightly chitinized, 

 with several transverse, long, curved, parallel wrinkles. Ten- 

 torium an internal cranial structure, differing in that re- 

 spect from the two mentioned systems of chitinizations in 



* The pair of rods is not present which in many other Coleopterous 

 larvae extends from proximal ends of fifth pair, along sides of epipharynx, 

 towards end of large movable labrum. 



