﻿Swifts 
  and 
  Humming 
  -bh'ds. 
  

  

  91 
  

  

  my 
  distinguislied 
  friend 
  is 
  prepared 
  to 
  retain 
  the 
  Goatsuckers 
  

   along 
  with 
  the 
  Swifts 
  in 
  his 
  group 
  CypseJiformes, 
  as 
  he 
  did 
  

   in 
  the 
  revised 
  edition 
  of 
  his 
  'Key^ 
  in 
  1884, 
  Dr. 
  Cones 
  

   has 
  " 
  looked 
  over 
  " 
  some 
  papers 
  which 
  I 
  published 
  in 
  the 
  

   journals 
  of 
  the 
  Linnean 
  and 
  Zoological 
  Societies 
  of 
  London 
  

   since 
  that 
  date^ 
  even 
  if 
  Mr. 
  Ridgway 
  has 
  not. 
  

  

  Cypseli. 
  

  

  17. 
  Wings 
  extremely 
  long 
  ; 
  pri- 
  

   maries 
  never 
  of 
  peculiar 
  form. 
  

  

  18. 
  Feet 
  small, 
  weak, 
  the 
  enve- 
  

   lope 
  often 
  skinny, 
  and 
  the 
  tarsi 
  may 
  

   be 
  naked 
  or 
  feathered. 
  " 
  Hind 
  toe 
  

   frequently 
  elevated, 
  or 
  versatile, 
  or 
  

   permanently 
  turned 
  sideways 
  or 
  

   even 
  forward 
  ; 
  lateral 
  toes 
  nearly 
  

   or 
  quite 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  middle 
  ; 
  

   anterior 
  toes 
  deeply 
  cleft, 
  the 
  basal 
  

   phalanges 
  extremely 
  short, 
  the 
  

   penultimate 
  very 
  long, 
  the 
  number 
  

   of 
  phalanges 
  frequently 
  abnormal 
  

   (2, 
  3, 
  3, 
  3, 
  instead 
  of 
  2, 
  3, 
  4, 
  5) 
  " 
  

   (^Coues). 
  

  

  Teochili. 
  

  

  17. 
  Wings 
  not 
  specially 
  long 
  ; 
  

   first 
  primary 
  frequently 
  of 
  very 
  re- 
  

   markable 
  form. 
  

  

  18. 
  Feet 
  (in 
  proportion 
  with 
  size 
  

   of 
  bird) 
  rather 
  small, 
  though 
  strong 
  

   and 
  admirably 
  adapted 
  iov 
  perching. 
  

   Envelope 
  not 
  skinny. 
  Tarsi 
  naked 
  

   or 
  feathered 
  (but 
  the 
  feathering 
  of 
  

   a 
  very 
  different 
  cliaracter 
  as 
  com- 
  

   pared 
  with 
  Swifts). 
  Hind 
  toe 
  in- 
  

   cumbent, 
  never 
  versatile 
  or 
  perma- 
  

   nently 
  turned 
  sidewaj'S, 
  and 
  never 
  

   forward 
  ; 
  lateral 
  toes 
  not 
  as 
  long 
  

   as 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  ; 
  anterior 
  toes 
  

   not 
  specially 
  deeply 
  cleft, 
  the 
  

   basal 
  phalanges 
  not 
  extremely 
  

   short, 
  and 
  the 
  penultimate 
  very 
  

   long. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  phalanges 
  

   never 
  abnormal. 
  

  

  19. 
  " 
  Claws 
  sharp, 
  curved, 
  never 
  19. 
  " 
  Claws 
  all 
  large, 
  sharp, 
  and 
  

  

  pectinate" 
  {Coites). 
  curved" 
  {Coues). 
  

  

  And, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Swifts, 
  so 
  in 
  the 
  Swallows, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  

   "the 
  claws 
  are 
  comparatively 
  strong, 
  compressed, 
  well-curved, 
  

   and 
  acute, 
  apt 
  for 
  clinging 
  '' 
  (Coues, 
  Rev. 
  ed. 
  ' 
  Key,^ 
  pp, 
  320, 
  

   455,458), 
  

  

  Passing 
  next 
  to 
  a 
  consideration 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  deeper 
  

   structures, 
  we 
  find 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Cypseli. 
  

  

  20. 
  Superior 
  mandible 
  wide 
  and 
  

   not 
  prodnced. 
  

  

  21. 
  Triangular 
  openings 
  between 
  

   nasals 
  and 
  frontals, 
  divided 
  by 
  the 
  

   premaxillary 
  (^Chceturci). 
  

  

  Trochili. 
  

  

  20. 
  Superior 
  mandible 
  naiTow 
  

   and 
  usually 
  twice 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  

   head, 
  

  

  21. 
  No 
  such 
  openings 
  present. 
  

  

  