﻿Javan 
  Species 
  of 
  Merula. 
  221 
  

  

  from 
  8000 
  to 
  10^000 
  feet^ 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  a 
  closely 
  allied 
  

   species 
  in 
  East 
  Java, 
  two 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  miles 
  away, 
  at 
  an 
  

   elevation 
  of 
  7000 
  feet 
  above 
  sea-level, 
  must 
  be 
  considered 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  improbable. 
  The 
  genus 
  Merula 
  is 
  an 
  arctic 
  and 
  

   subarctic 
  one, 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  tropics 
  seek 
  the 
  

   greatest 
  elevations 
  they 
  can 
  find, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  Merula 
  of 
  West 
  

   Java 
  are 
  practically 
  isolated 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  East 
  Java 
  by 
  the 
  

   tropical 
  plains 
  which 
  intervene. 
  I 
  have 
  proposed 
  to 
  call 
  the 
  

   East 
  Javan 
  species 
  Merula 
  whiteheadi'^ 
  : 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  place 
  

   because 
  it 
  was 
  discovered 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Whitehead, 
  who 
  met 
  with 
  it 
  

   near 
  Tosari 
  at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  7000 
  feet, 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  

   September 
  1886. 
  This 
  was 
  during 
  the 
  memorable 
  expe- 
  

   dition 
  to 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  the 
  Malay 
  Archipelago 
  which 
  

   culminated 
  in 
  the 
  exploration 
  of 
  Mount 
  Kina-Balu 
  in 
  

   North 
  Borneo, 
  where 
  Mr. 
  Whitehead 
  discovered 
  more 
  than 
  

   forty 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  birds. 
  In 
  the 
  second 
  place, 
  the 
  name 
  

   ivhiteheadi 
  is 
  singularly 
  appropriate, 
  as 
  it 
  serves 
  to 
  fix 
  on 
  the 
  

   memory 
  the 
  peculiar 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  which 
  is 
  dis- 
  

   tinguished 
  from 
  its 
  West-Javan 
  ally 
  by 
  the 
  much 
  greater 
  

   whiteness 
  of 
  its 
  head. 
  In 
  the 
  adult 
  male 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  pale 
  

   grey, 
  in 
  the 
  female 
  it 
  is 
  darker 
  grey, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  young 
  in 
  

   first 
  plumage 
  brownish 
  black. 
  In 
  other 
  respects 
  M. 
  white- 
  

   headi 
  agrees 
  closely 
  with 
  Merula 
  javanica. 
  The 
  under 
  tail- 
  

   coverts 
  of 
  the 
  female 
  and 
  young 
  have 
  broad 
  white 
  shaft- 
  

   streaks, 
  which 
  are 
  reduced 
  to 
  pale 
  shafts 
  in 
  the 
  adult 
  male. 
  

   The 
  feathers 
  round 
  the 
  vent 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  always 
  white. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  East-Javan 
  Ouzel 
  be 
  distinct 
  from 
  the 
  West-Javan 
  

   Ouzel, 
  the 
  next 
  question 
  which 
  arises 
  is 
  its 
  distinctness 
  or 
  

   otherwise 
  from 
  the 
  Timor 
  Ouzel. 
  

  

  Merula 
  schlegeli 
  was 
  discovered 
  near 
  Penpaan 
  in 
  a 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  valley 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Timor 
  by 
  Salomon 
  

   Miillersome 
  time 
  between 
  the 
  years 
  1828 
  and 
  1836, 
  but 
  was 
  

   regarded 
  by 
  its 
  discoverer 
  as 
  merely 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  Horsfiekrs 
  

   Ouzel 
  (Miiller, 
  op. 
  cit. 
  p. 
  201). 
  The 
  single 
  example 
  from 
  

   Timor 
  remained 
  in 
  the 
  Leyden 
  Museum 
  for 
  twenty 
  years 
  

   before 
  it 
  was 
  observed 
  to 
  be 
  different 
  from 
  its 
  Javan 
  ally, 
  

   when 
  it 
  was 
  named 
  Tardus 
  schlegeli 
  (Sclater, 
  Ibis, 
  1861, 
  

   * 
  Cf. 
  Bull. 
  B. 
  0. 
  C. 
  no. 
  T. 
  p. 
  XXV. 
  

  

  