Vol. IX] TAYLOR— COOPER'S MAMMALS 71 



ioma occidentalism and Arvicola pauperrima. Of these the last- 

 named only was actually published by him (1868c, p. 535), the 

 others having been published by Baird on the basis of Cooper's 

 notes and specimens (see Baird, 1855, p. 335; 1857, pp. 11, 

 15). 



According to the standards of the day the specimens collected 

 by Dr. Cooper were well prepared. The skull was always left 

 within the skin, and stuffed with cotton, as with birds now. 

 The fore feet were either disposed irregularly forward along 

 the sides of the neck, or folded back on the breast and sewed to 

 the skin. There was no uniformity in arrangement of the hind 

 feet, which were usually folded forward beneath the belly, 

 though sometimes crossed back of the body. The tail was never 

 skinned, being disposed posteriorly, or if deemed too long 

 for this, folded forward beneath the abdomen. The body was 

 stuffed with cotton, and the belly slit was sometimes sewed up 

 and sometimes not. These methods naturally did not make for 

 either uniformity or durability. In spite of this, however, most 

 of the material is in fairly good condition after an interval of 

 nearly sixty years. 



Dr. Cooper's usual method of labelling was as follows : On 

 the front of the label he wrote, with pen or pencil, his running 

 number, the scientific name of the animal, the sex (using 5 for 

 males and $ for females), the locality (usually including the 

 state, but not in the case of specimens from the Colorado Val- 

 ley), the date (the year indicated by an apostrophe and the two 

 last figures, as '61 for 1861), and his initials. On the reverse 

 side of the label he ordinarily entered eleven measurements, 

 (nose to eye; nose to ear; head; head plus body; tail; tail plus 

 hair; fore-foot; hind-foot; front, back, and width of ear). 



A list of all of Dr. Cooper's published contributions to 

 mammalogy which have been seen by the writer is included in 

 the literature cited (p. 118).^ All references published by- 

 Cooper to species of which I have examined specimens col- 

 lected by him have so far as possible been referred to their 

 proper places in this list according to current nomenclatural 

 standards. 



* It is of interest to note that Dr. Cooper's most important work on the mam- 

 mals of California does not appear over his name at all, being incorporated in Titus- 

 Fey Cronise's The Natural Wealth of California (Chapter VII, pp. 434-448). 



