132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Sek. 



been confined to the torrid zone since lower Miocene; Ficus, 

 Lyropecten, Janira and Astrodapsis retreated southward, and 

 are found in southern California in the lower Pliocene, Fer- 

 nando, where Astrodapsis became extinct. Ficus and Lyro- 

 pecten retreated still further south, but the latter, along with 

 Janira and Dosinia, reappears in the warm water upper San 

 Pedro epoch. All these forms, with the exception of Astro- 

 dapsis, are still abundantly represented in the Gulf or Panama 

 fauna, and Astrodapsis has there a very near relative in 

 Clypeaster. These are only a few out of the many examples 

 that might be brought up. 



Climatic Distribution of Recent Marine Faunas of 

 THE West Coast. 



I. Alaskan Gulf (Gulf of Alaska to Vancouver Island, lat. 

 60°-50° N., min. temp. 44° F.). Astarte horealis Schum., 

 Astarte alaskensis Dall, Cardium calif orniense Desh., Glyci- 

 meris septentrionalis Midd., Macoma middendorM Dall, My a 

 truncata L., Pecten hastatus Sby., Pecten islandicus Sby., 

 Peronidea lutea Gray, Serripes groenlandicus Gmel., Saxicava 

 arctica L., Siliqua patida Dixon, Spisula alaskana Dall, Thyor 

 sira bisecta Con., Venericardia alaskana Dall, Venericardia 

 crassidens B. & S., Bela harpa Dall, Beringius morchianus Dall, 

 Serin gins kennicotti Dall, Beringius crebricostatus Dall, Buc- 

 cimun alcnticum Dall, Buccimim morchianum Fisch., Buccinum 

 glaciale L., Chrysodomus amianttts Dall, Chrysodomus liratus 

 Martyn, Chrysodomus magnus Dall, Natica pallida B. & S., 

 Sipho halibrectns Dall, Tritonoftisus halli Dall, Tritonofusus 

 rectirostris Carp., Turris circinata Dall, Voliitopsius castaneiis 

 Morch., Voliitopsius kobelti Dall, Voliitoharpa ampullacea 

 Midd., Scutella parma Lam., Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 

 Say. 



The Alaskan Gulf fauna contains a large number of circum- 

 boreal species, some of which are also common to the North 

 Atlantic. 



II. Puget Sound (Vancouver Island to Cape Mendocino, 

 lat. 50°-40° N., min. temp. 50° F.). Astarte compacta Carp., 

 Glycimeris septentrionalis Midd., Kennerleya grandis Rv., Leda 

 fossa Baird, Marcia kennerleyi Rv., Marcia subdiaphana Carp., 



