Vol. IX] SMITH— CLIMATIC RELATIONS 139 



This is a boreal fauna, indicating a temperature lower by 

 several degrees than the present, and is probably Glacial in age. 



Douglas Island (southern Alaska, lat. 58° N.). Astarte 

 horealis Sch., Cardium ciliatum Fab., Cardium decoratum 

 Grew., Leda fossa Baird, Macoma halthica L., Macoma calcarea 

 Gmel., Mya truncata L., Pecten hericeus Gld. var. navarchus 

 Dall, Saxicava arctica L., Venericardia stearnsi Dall, Chryso- 

 domus liratus Martyn, Natica pallida B. & S., Hemithyris psit- 

 tacea Gmel. 



W. H. Dall', who described this fauna, says that it indicates 

 a temperature considerably colder than the present. 



Cape Nome, lat. 64° N. In unconsolidated sands on inter- 

 mediate beach. Center Creek, Cape Nome, Alaska. Macoma 

 middendoriH Dall, Monia macroschisma Desh., Pecten szvifti 

 Bernh. This small fauna is interesting as well as important. 

 DalP assigns it to Pliocene, but the material seen by the writer 

 can only belong to the Quaternary. Also all Pliocene, north of 

 middle California, indicates a lower temperature than the pres- 

 ent. Pecten szvifti now lives in the Japanese waters 1200 miles 

 south, and eight degrees warmer than that of Cape Nome. 



This is the only case where the warm water phase of the 

 Quaternary is known in the far north, but farther search should 

 yield many localities on both sides of the Pacific. It is to be 

 expected that the Japan current would carry the warm water 

 fauna farther to the north on the Siberian coast than it has 

 been able to go on the American shore. 



Mt. St. Elias. I. C. RusselP mentions the occurrence of 

 marine beds of Pliocene age uplifted to the height of 5000 

 feet on the slopes of Mt. St. Elias. The fauna is said to 

 consist of Recent species. No lists of this fauna have been given, 

 but in a later paper A. H. Brooks^ says that these beds probably 

 belong to the Quaternary. 



PLIOCENE. 



There is at present much confusion in the correlation and 

 nomenclature of the Pliocene formations on the West Coast. 

 This comes from the disconnected occurrence of the beds, their 



' Harriman Expedition. Neozoic invertebrate fossils, p. 120, Vol. 4, 1904. 

 •On climatic conditions at Cape Nome, etc. Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 173 (1907) p. 

 457. 



» Expedition to Mt. St. Elias. <Nat. Gksograph. Mag. Vol. 3, 1891, pp. 170-17S. 



» Geog. and Geol. of Alaska, Prof. Paper No. 45, U. S. Geol. Survey. 1906, p. 295. 



