Vol. IX] SMITH— CLIMATIC RELATIONS 143 



This is a Puget Sound fauna, indicating a temperature of 

 about 50° F., the same as at present, showing no displacement 

 of the isotherms. The age of this fauna is probably the same as 

 that of the Purisima of middle California, upper part of lower 

 Pliocene. About half of the species are extinct, and those still 

 living are confined to cold water. 



Cape Blanco (mouth of Elk River, southern Oregon, lat. 

 42° 50' N.). Macoma astori Dall, Marcia gibbosa Gabb, Mya 

 truncata L., Macoma nasuta Con., Paphia staminea Con., Pecten 

 caurinus Gld., Spisida albaria Con., Thyasira bisecta Con., 

 Yoldia strigata Dall, Polinices lewisii Gld., Dendraster inter- 

 lineatus Stimp. This fauna is probably of Merced age, lower 

 part of upper Pliocene. 



Wildcat Fauna (Eel River, Humboldt Co., California, north 

 of Cape Mendocino, lat. 40° 30' N. ) . Collections made by W. 

 M. Gabb, W. S. Monroe, W. G. Cooper, B. Martin, and H. 

 Hannibal have yielded: Area trilineata Con., Cardium meek- 

 anum Gabb, Chione securis Shum., Glycimeris coalingensis 

 Sen., Macoma calcarea Gmel., Marcia oregonensis Con., 

 Panomya ampla Dall, Paphia staleyi Gabb, Pecten caurinus 

 Gld., Pecten dillcri Dall, Phacoides annulatus Rv., Serripes 

 groenlandicus Gmel., Spisula albaria Con., Spisula voyi Gabb, 

 Schisothoerus pajaroanus Con., Thracia trapezoidea Con., 

 Thyasira bisecta Con., Venericardia castor Dall, Zirphcea gabbi 

 Tryon, Boreotrophon Heernerensis Martin, Buccinum saun- 

 dersi Martin, Chrysodomus eurckaensis Martin, Chrysodomus 

 imperialis Dall, Chrysodomus liratus Martyn, Chrysodomus 

 lawsoni Martin, Chrysodomus purisimaensis Martin, Chryso- 

 domus scotiaensis Martin, Chrysodomus postplanatus Dall, 

 Gyrineum marshalli Reagan, Haliotis rufescens Swains., Lina- 

 tella pacifica Dall, Miopleionia oregonensis Dall, Nassa morani- 

 ana Martin, Natica clausa B. & S., Polinices galianoi Dall, Tri- 

 tonofusus fortunasensis Martin, Dendraster interlineatus 

 Stimp., Dendraster oregonensis Clark. 



This fauna has been variously assigned, to upper Miocene, 

 and to the Merced horizon of the Pliocene. Its real age is that 

 of the Purisima of middle California, and the true Fernando of 

 southern California, upper part of lower Pliocene. It is prob- 

 able, however, that in the thick section of the Wildcat formation 

 the uppermost beds may overlap with the Merced, and the low- 



