152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se«;. 



The most recent discussion of this fauna by C. L. Moody", 

 adds greatly to the list of known species. 



This horizon is the same as that of the Merced of middle 

 California, but has more southern types, such as giant Area, 

 and Janira, and fewer northern forms. Of the whole fauna 

 30% are extinct, and 70% living. It is upper Pliocene, but not 

 upppermost Pliocene. Moody correlates the Los Angeles 

 fauna with the San Diego, but calls it Fernando, following 

 the usage of Arnold. 



Fernando. This name has been greatly misused, having 

 come to be applied to all the Pliocene in southern California, 

 and even the marine Pleistocene. G. H. Asliley^^ first listed the 

 fauna, but merely called it the "beds at Fernando," without 

 formally naming the geologic formation. Homer Hamlin first 

 used the term, on unpublished maps, for the same beds from 

 which came the fauna listed by Ashley. R. Arnold'^ first pub- 

 lished the name Fernando, but included in the formation the 

 San Diego beds of the Los Angeles region, the Santa Barbara 

 horizon of San Pedro and Santa Barbara, and some of the 

 marine San Pedro Pleistocene of southern California. 



W. A. English^^ has used the term in its original significance, 

 and described the true Fernando fauna. 



Fernando fauna of southern California. The true Fernando, 

 of Fernando Pass, Elsmere Canyon, Third St. Tunnel (Los 

 Angeles), Temesal Canyon, and the Puente Hills, contains the 

 following characteristic species : Astrodapsis fernandoensis 

 Pack, Dendraster ashleyi Arn., Amiantis callosa Con., Area 

 canalis Con., Area eamuloensis Osmont, Area grandis B. & S., 

 Area imdticostata Sby., Area trilineata Con., Cardium quadri- 

 genarium Con., Chione elsmerensis Eng., Dosinia ponderosa 

 Gray, Metis alta Con., Mareia suhdiaphana Carp., Mya trun- 

 eata L., Ostrea veatehi Gabb, Paphia tenerrima Carp., Feeten 

 ashleyi Arn,, Feeten bellus Con., Feeten eerrosensis Gabb, Fee- 

 ten healeyi Arn., Feeten hemphilli Da.\\, Feeten oweni Arn., 

 Feeten stearnsi Dall, Fanopea generosa Gld., Fhaeoides sanc- 

 tcecrueis Arn., Thyasira biseeta Con., Astrcea iindosa Wood, 



^' Fauna of the Fernando of Los Angeles, Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept. Geol, 

 Vol. 10, No. 4, (1916), pp. 39-62. 



" The Neocene Stratigraphy of the Santa Cruz Mountains of Calif. Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. Sci. 2d Ser. Vol. 5, (1895), pp. 273-367. 



M Bull, 309, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 22. 



" The Fernando Group near Newhall, California, Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bull. Dept.. 

 Geol. Vol. 8, No. 8, (1914), pp. 203-218. 



