Vol. IX] SMITH— CLIMATIC RELATIONS 155 



of the sea is 50° F. min., and the fossil fauna indicates about 

 the same temperature. 



II. Franciscan or Middle Calif ornian (Cape Mendo- 

 cino to Pt. Conception, 40°-34° 30' N.). Chione securis, Car- 

 dium meekamim, Peronidea lutea Gray, Spisula alharia, 

 Chrysodomus imperialis, C. purisimaensis, C. stantoni, C. tabu- 

 latiis, Priene pacifica, Argobuccinum oregonense, Gyrineum 

 marshalli, Miopleionia oregonensis, Scutella interlineata, (all 

 northern species) ; Dosinia ponderosa, Area trilineata, Area 

 canalis, Chione elsmerensis, Pecten healeyi, Peeten nutteri, Pec- 

 ten oweni, Dendrastcr ashleyi, (all southern species). This 

 fauna lacks : Ficus, Janira, Lyropecten, Astrodapsis, Trachy- 

 cardium, giant Conns, Amiantis, and the Area multieostata 

 group. The temperature was about 60° F. 



III. Fernandan, or Southern Calif ornian (Pt. Conception to^ 

 San Diego, 34° 30-33° N.). Ficus nodiferus, Dosinia pon- 

 derosa, Area eamuloscusis, Area multieostata. Area grandis,.. 

 Chione, Lyropeeten, Tr achy ear dium, Amiantis, Pecten healeyi,. 

 Janira; Pecten hemphilli, P. stearnsi; giant Conus, Cyprcea,.. 

 Cancellaria, Dendraster ashleyi, Astrodapsis fernandoensis, (all 

 southern species, indicating a minimum temperature of at least 

 65° F., several degrees warmer than the present, which has a 

 minimum of about 62° F.). 



IV. Gulf of California. The equivalent of the Fernando 

 fauna is not yet known in Lower California, but the next lower 

 fauna, the Carrizo, is decidedly tropical, and indicates a mini- 

 mum temperature of not less than 68° F. 



MIOCENE 



Shumagin Islands (off the Alaskan Peninsula, lat. 55° N.). 

 This is the most northerly Miocene known on the American 

 coast; it has been described by W. H. Dall", who assigns it to 

 lower Miocene, on the basis of identity of a few species with 

 those of the lower Miocene of Oregon. The species listed by 

 Dall are: Car dium ciliatum Fab., Car dium decor atum Gren., 

 Glyeimeris kochevaroR Gren., Mytilus middendorM Gren., 

 Paphia grewingki Dall, Papyridea harrimani Dall, Mya aren- 



"Harriman Alaska Exped. vol. 4, (1904). Neozoic invertebrate fossils, pp. 111-120. 



