Vol. IX] SMITH— CLIMATIC RELATIONS 161 



The most important species, so far as known, are : Scutella 

 fairbanksi Arn., Scutella norrisi Pack, Terehratalia kennedyi 

 Dall, AstrcBa biangiilata Gabb, Dosinia conradi Gabb, Dosinia 

 whitneyi Gabb, Glycimeris branneri Arn., Modiolus ynezanus 

 Arn., Mytilus expansus Arn., Panopea generosa Gld., Pecten 

 branneri Arn., Pecten lompocensis Arn., Pecten magnolia Con., 

 Pecten nevadanus Con., Pecten perrini Arn., Pecten sanctce- 

 crusensis Arn., Pecten sespeensis Arn., Pecten vanvlecki Arn., 

 Tivela inezana Con., Natica inesana Con., Rapana vaqucrosen- 

 sis Arn., Trochita costellata Con., Turrit ella inezana Con. 



This fauna is lower Miocene, and represents the very bottom 

 of that series. The abundant Lyropecten, giant Turritella, 

 Dosinia, Chione, and Rapana indicate tropical or subtropical 

 conditions. The Vaqueros has not been found to the north 

 of middle California. 



Of this fauna, Lyropecten, Dosinia, and Chione are immi- 

 grants from the Caribbean; the Tnrritella group is a little 

 modified descendant of the Eocene giants; Rapana can only 

 have come from the southern Orient, from the same source as 

 Miopleionia, and Amiisium. 



What appears to be a Vaqueros fauna has been collected by 

 Mr. E. C. Brown on the Pacific coast of Lower California, 

 near San Gregorio Lagoon, lat. 26° N. It contained Lyro- 

 pecten, giant Turritella, and Rapana. 



OLIGOCENE. 



Astoria. The Astoria, Oligocene, fauna has been collected 

 at various places on the Pacific Coast, from the Santa Cruz 

 Mountains, lat. 37° N., to the Olympic Peninsula, lat. 48° N. 

 It has been described from Oregon by W. H. Dall, ^^ and 

 from both Washington and Oregon by Arnold and Hannibal. ^^ 

 C. E. Weaver^^ has also described species of this fauna from 

 the coast of Washington; and R. Arnold^^ has described the 

 species known to occur in the equivalent San Lorenzo fonna- 

 tion in the Santa Cruz Mountains of middle California. 



8«Prof. Paper No. 59, U. S. Geol. Survey (1909). 

 "Proc. Amer. Phil. See, vol. 52, No. 212 (1913), pp. 559-605. 



3' Washington Geol. Survey, Bull. No. 15, (1912); and Univ. of Washington Pub. 

 in Geol., vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-67 (1916). 



"Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, pp. 345-390, (1908). 



